Home > Article > Backend Development > PHP+Socket series to implement websocket chat room
This article brings you relevant knowledge about php socket. It mainly introduces how to use php native socket to implement a simple web chat room? Friends who are interested can take a look below. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
Preface
This article implements a simple web chat room using php native socket. The final code is at the bottom of the article.
If nothing else, this should be the last article in this series of articles. When I wrote this series of articles, I thought it would be a very simple thing, but after writing these few articles, I almost read through the code of Workerman. So never be too ambitious but try it yourself. It is best to write it down to prove that you really understand something
websocket introduction
webSocket protocol It is a network communication protocol that was born in 2008 and became an international standard in 2011. RFC6455 defines its communication standard. Now all browsers support the protocol. webSocket is a protocol for full-duplex communication on a single TCP connection that HTML5 started to provide. The server can actively push messages to the client, and the client can also actively send messages to the server.
WebSocket stipulates the specification of a communication protocol. Through the handshake mechanism, a tcp-like connection can be established between the client (browser) and the server (webserver), thereby facilitating cs communication.
Why websocket is needed
HTTP protocol is a stateless, connectionless, one-way application layer protocol. It adopts the request=> response model. Communication requests can only be initiated by the client, and the server responds to the request. This communication model has a drawback: it is impossible for the server to proactively send messages to the client. Start a message. The concurrency capabilities of traditional HTTP requests are achieved by initiating multiple TCP connections to access the server at the same time. Websocket allows us to concurrently issue multiple requests on a ws connection. That is, after the A request is sent, the A response has not arrived yet. You can continue to issue B requests. Due to the slow start feature of TCP and the handshake loss of the connection itself, this feature of the websocket protocol has greatly improved the efficiency.
Built on the TCP protocol, the implementation of the server is relatively easy
It has good compatibility with the HTTP protocol. The default ports are also 80 and 443, and the HTTP protocol is used in the handshake phase, so it is not easily blocked during the handshake and can pass various HTTP proxy servers.
The data format is relatively lightweight, with low performance overhead and efficient communication.
You can send text or binary data.
There is no origin restriction and the client can communicate with any server.
The protocol identifier is ws (or wss if encrypted), and the service address is the URL.
Client and server handshake
The websocket protocol requires a handshake before connection[^2] , usually there are the following handshake methods
Flash-based handshake protocol (not recommended)
MD5 encryption-based handshake protocol
Earlier handshake method, with two keys, using md5 encryption
Handshake protocol based on sha1 encryption
The current main handshake protocol, This article will focus on this protocol
Get theSec-WebSocket-key reported by the client
Splicingkey 258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
Do SHA1 calculation on the string, and then use the result Encrypted through base64, and finally returned to the client
The client request information is as follows:
GET /chat HTTP/1.1Host: server.example.com Upgrade: websocket Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Key: dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==Origin: http://example.com Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
The client needs Return the following data:
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols Upgrade: websocket Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13Connection: Upgrade Sec-WebSocket-Accept: s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
We implement it through PHP according to this protocol:
<?php
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, true);
socket_bind($socket, 0, 8888);
socket_listen($socket);
while (true) {
$conn_sock = socket_accept($socket);
$request = socket_read($conn_sock, 102400);
$new_key = getShaKey($request);
$response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n";
$response .= "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
$response .= "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n";
$response .= "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
$response .= "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {$new_key}\r\n\r\n";
socket_write($conn_sock, $response);
}
function getShaKey($request)
{
// 获取 Sec-WebSocket-key
preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Key: (.*)\r\n/", $request, $match);
// 拼接 key + 258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
$new_key = trim($match[1]) . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11';
// 对字符串做 `SHA1` 计算，再把得到的结果通过 `base64` 加密
return base64_encode(sha1($new_key, true));
}Related syntax explanations can refer to previous articles, this article will not introduce it in detail.
Use front-end testing, open any of our browser consoles (console) and enter the following content. The readyState of the returned websocket object is 1, which means the handshake is successful. This is the front-end content. This article will not introduce it in detail. Please refer to Rookie Tutorial:
console.log(new WebSocket('ws://192.162.2.166:8888'));
// 运行后返回：
WebSocket {
binaryType: "blob"
bufferedAmount: 0
extensions: ""
onclose: null
onerror: null
onmessage: null
onopen: null
protocol: ""
readyState: 1
url: "ws://192.162.2.166:8888/"}
Sending data and receiving data
使用 websocket 协议传输协议需要遵循特定的格式规范，详情请参考 datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6...
为了方便，这里直接贴出加解密代码，以下代码借鉴与 workerman 的 src/Protocols/Websocket.php 文件：
// 解码客户端发送的消息
function decode($buffer)
{
$len = \ord($buffer[1]) & 127;
if ($len === 126) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 4, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 8);
} else {
if ($len === 127) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 10, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 14);
} else {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 2, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 6);
}
}
$dataLength = \strlen($data);
$masks = \str_repeat($masks, \floor($dataLength / 4)) . \substr($masks, 0, $dataLength % 4);
return $data ^ $masks;
}
// 编码发送给客户端的消息
function encode($buffer)
{
if (!is_scalar($buffer)) {
throw new \Exception("You can't send(" . \gettype($buffer) . ") to client, you need to convert it to a string. ");
}
$len = \strlen($buffer);
$first_byte = "\x81";
if ($len <= 125) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr($len) . $buffer;
} else {
if ($len <= 65535) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(126) . \pack("n", $len) . $buffer;
} else {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(127) . \pack("xxxxN", $len) . $buffer;
}
}
return $encode_buffer;
}我们修改刚才 客户端与服务端握手 阶段的代码，修改后全代码全文如下，该段代码实现了将客户端发送的消息转为大写后返回给客户端（当然只是为了演示）：
<?php
$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
socket_set_option($socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, true);
socket_bind($socket, 0, 8888);
socket_listen($socket);
while (true) {
$conn_sock = socket_accept($socket);
$request = socket_read($conn_sock, 102400);
$new_key = getShaKey($request);
$response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n";
$response .= "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
$response .= "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\r\n";
$response .= "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
$response .= "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {$new_key}\r\n\r\n";
// 发送握手数据
socket_write($conn_sock, $response);
// 新增内容，获取客户端发送的消息并转为大写还给客户端
$msg = socket_read($conn_sock, 102400);
socket_write($conn_sock, encode(strtoupper(decode($msg))));
}
function getShaKey($request)
{
// 获取 Sec-WebSocket-key
preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Key: (.*)\r\n/", $request, $match);
// 拼接 key + 258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
$new_key = trim($match[1]) . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11';
// 对字符串做 `SHA1` 计算，再把得到的结果通过 `base64` 加密
return base64_encode(sha1($new_key, true));
}
function decode($buffer)
{
$len = \ord($buffer[1]) & 127;
if ($len === 126) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 4, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 8);
} else {
if ($len === 127) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 10, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 14);
} else {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 2, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 6);
}
}
$dataLength = \strlen($data);
$masks = \str_repeat($masks, \floor($dataLength / 4)) . \substr($masks, 0, $dataLength % 4);
return $data ^ $masks;
}
function encode($buffer)
{
if (!is_scalar($buffer)) {
throw new \Exception("You can't send(" . \gettype($buffer) . ") to client, you need to convert it to a string. ");
}
$len = \strlen($buffer);
$first_byte = "\x81";
if ($len <= 125) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr($len) . $buffer;
} else {
if ($len <= 65535) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(126) . \pack("n", $len) . $buffer;
} else {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(127) . \pack("xxxxN", $len) . $buffer;
}
}
return $encode_buffer;
}使用 在线测试工具 进行测试，可以看到消息已经可以正常发送接收，接下来的文章将继续优化代码，实现简易聊天室，敬请关注：
我们紧接着上文的代码继续优化，以实现简易的web聊天室
多路复用
其实就是加一下 socket_select() 函数 
，本文就不写原理与语法了，详情可参考 之前的文章，以下代码修改自前文 PHP+Socket series to implement websocket chat room
...
socket_listen($socket);
+$sockets[] = $socket;
+$user = [];
while (true) {
+ $tmp_sockets = $sockets;
+ socket_select($tmp_sockets, $write, $except, null);
+ foreach ($tmp_sockets as $sock) {
+ if ($sock == $socket) {
+ $sockets[] = socket_accept($socket);
+ $user[] = ['socket' => $socket, 'handshake' => false];
+ } else {
+ $curr_user = $user[array_search($sock, $user)];
+ if ($curr_user['handshake']) { // 已握手
+ $msg = socket_read($sock, 102400);
+ echo '客户端发来消息' . decode($msg);
+ socket_write($sock, encode('这是来自服务端的消息'));
+ } else {
+ // 握手
+ }
+ }
+ }
- $conn_sock = socket_accept($socket);
- $request = socket_read($conn_sock, 102400);
...最终成果演示
我们将上述代码改造成类，并在类变量储存用户信息，添加消息处理等逻辑，最后贴出代码，建议保存下来自己尝试一下，也许会有全新的认知，后端代码：
<?php
new WebSocket();
class Websocket
{
/**
* @var resource
*/
protected $socket;
/**
* @var array 用户列表
*/
protected $user = [];
/**
* @var array 存放所有 socket 资源
*/
protected $socket_list = [];
public function __construct()
{
$this->socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
socket_set_option($this->socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, true);
socket_bind($this->socket, 0, 8888);
socket_listen($this->socket);
// 将 socket 资源放入 socket_list
$this->socket_list[] = $this->socket;
while (true) {
$tmp_sockets = $this->socket_list;
socket_select($tmp_sockets, $write, $except, null);
foreach ($tmp_sockets as $sock) {
if ($sock == $this->socket) {
$conn_sock = socket_accept($sock);
$this->socket_list[] = $conn_sock;
$this->user[] = ['socket' => $conn_sock, 'handshake' => false, 'name' => '无名氏'];
} else {
$request = socket_read($sock, 102400);
$k = $this->getUserIndex($sock);
if (!$request) {
continue;
}
// 用户端断开连接
if ((\ord($request[0]) & 0xf) == 0x8) {
$this->close($k);
continue;
}
if (!$this->user[$k]['handshake']) {
// 握手
$this->handshake($k, $request);
} else {
// 已握手
$this->send($k, $request);
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* 关闭连接
*
* @param $k
*/
protected function close($k)
{
$u_name = $this->user[$k]['name'] ?? '无名氏';
socket_close($this->user[$k]['socket']);
$socket_key = array_search($this->user[$k]['socket'], $this->socket_list);
unset($this->socket_list[$socket_key]);
unset($this->user[$k]);
$user = [];
foreach ($this->user as $v) {
$user[] = $v['name'];
}
$res = [
'type' => 'close',
'users' => $user,
'msg' => $u_name . '已退出',
'time' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s')
];
$this->sendAllUser($res);
}
/**
* 获取用户索引
*
* @param $socket
* @return int|string
*/
protected function getUserIndex($socket)
{
foreach ($this->user as $k => $v) {
if ($v['socket'] == $socket) {
return $k;
}
}
}
/**
* 握手
* @param $k
* @param $request
*/
protected function handshake($k, $request)
{
preg_match("/Sec-WebSocket-Key: (.*)\r\n/", $request, $match);
$key = base64_encode(sha1($match[1] . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11', true));
$response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n";
$response .= "Upgrade: websocket\r\n";
$response .= "Connection: Upgrade\r\n";
$response .= "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: {$key}\r\n\r\n";
socket_write($this->user[$k]['socket'], $response);
$this->user[$k]['handshake'] = true;
}
/**
* 接收并处理消息
*
* @param $k
* @param $msg
*/
public function send($k, $msg)
{
$msg = $this->decode($msg);
$msg = json_decode($msg, true);
if (!isset($msg['type'])) {
return;
}
switch ($msg['type']) {
case 'login': // 登录
$this->user[$k]['name'] = $msg['name'] ?? '无名氏';
$users = [];
foreach ($this->user as $v) {
$users[] = $v['name'];
}
$res = [
'type' => 'login',
'name' => $this->user[$k]['name'],
'msg' => $this->user[$k]['name'] . ': login success',
'users' => $users,
];
$this->sendAllUser($res);
break;
case 'message': // 接收并发送消息
$res = [
'type' => 'message',
'name' => $this->user[$k]['name'] ?? '无名氏',
'msg' => $msg['msg'],
'time' => date('H:i:s'),
];
$this->sendAllUser($res);
break;
}
}
/**
* 发送给所有人
*
*/
protected function sendAllUser($msg)
{
if (is_array($msg)) {
$msg = json_encode($msg);
}
$msg = $this->encode($msg);
foreach ($this->user as $k => $v) {
socket_write($v['socket'], $msg, strlen($msg));
}
}
/**
* 解码
*
* @param $buffer
* @return string
*/
protected function decode($buffer)
{
$len = \ord($buffer[1]) & 127;
if ($len === 126) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 4, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 8);
} else {
if ($len === 127) {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 10, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 14);
} else {
$masks = \substr($buffer, 2, 4);
$data = \substr($buffer, 6);
}
}
$dataLength = \strlen($data);
$masks = \str_repeat($masks, \floor($dataLength / 4)) . \substr($masks, 0, $dataLength % 4);
return $data ^ $masks;
}
protected function encode($buffer)
{
if (!is_scalar($buffer)) {
throw new \Exception("You can't send(" . \gettype($buffer) . ") to client, you need to convert it to a string. ");
}
$len = \strlen($buffer);
$first_byte = "\x81";
if ($len <= 125) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr($len) . $buffer;
} else {
if ($len <= 65535) {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(126) . \pack("n", $len) . $buffer;
} else {
$encode_buffer = $first_byte . \chr(127) . \pack("xxxxN", $len) . $buffer;
}
}
return $encode_buffer;
}
}前端代码如下（前端内容不在本文讨论范围之内，具体可参考 菜鸟教程）：
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<style>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
h3 {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
margin: 30px auto;
}
.but-box {
border-radius: 5px;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
margin-top: 10px;
}
#box {
display: flex;
margin: 5px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
border: 1px #ccc solid;
height: 400px;
width: 700px;
overflow-y: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
position: relative;
}
#msg-box {
width: 480px;
margin-right: 111px;
height: 100%;
overflow-y: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
}
#user-box {
width: 110px;
overflow-y: auto;
overflow-x: hidden;
float: left;
border-left: 1px #ccc solid;
height: 100%;
background-color: #F1F1F1;
}
button {
float: right;
width: 80px;
height: 35px;
font-size: 18px;
}
input {
width: 100%;
height: 30px;
padding: 2px;
line-height: 20px;
outline: none;
border: solid 1px #CCC;
}
.but-box p {
margin-right: 160px;
}
</style>
<body>
<h3>这是一个php socket实现的web聊天室</h3>
<div id="box">
<div id="msg-box"></div>
<div id="user-box"></div>
</div>
<div>
<p><textarea cols="60" rows="3" style="resize:none;pedding: 10px" id="content"> </textarea></p>
<button id="send">发送</button>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
let ws = new WebSocket('ws://124.222.85.67:8888');
ws.onopen = function (event) {
console.log('连接成功');
var name = prompt('请输入用户名:');
ws.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'login',
name: name
}));
if (!name) {
alert('好你个坏蛋，竟然没有输入用户名');
}
};
ws.onmessage = function (event) {
let data = JSON.parse(event.data);
console.log(data);
switch (data.type) {
case 'close':
case 'login':
$("#user-box").html('');
data.users.forEach(function (item) {
$("#user-box").append(`<p style="color: grey;">${item}</p>`);
});
if (data.msg) {
$("#msg-box").append(`<p style="color: grey;">${data.msg}</p>`);
}
break;
case 'message':
$("#msg-box").append(`<p><span style="color: #0A89FF">${data.time}</span><span style="color: red">${data.name}</span>${data.msg}</p>`);
break;
}
};
ws.onclose = function (event) {
alert('连接关闭');
};
document.onkeydown = function (event) {
if (event.keyCode == 13) {
send();
}
}
$("#send").click(function () {
send();
});
function send() {
let content = $("#content").val();
$("#content").val('');
if (!content) {
return;
}
ws.send(JSON.stringify({
type: 'message',
msg: content
}));
}
</script>
</body>
</html>[^1]:是通讯传输的一个术语。 通信允许数据在两个方向上同时传输，它在能力上相当于两个单工通信方式的结合
[^2]: 为了建立 websocket 连接，需要通过浏览器发出请求，之后服务器进行回应，这个过程通常称为“握手”（Handshaking）
推荐学习：《PHP视频教程》
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