5G has three major characteristics: high speed, ultra-large connection, and ultra-low latency. One of the characteristics of 5G is high frequency. Due to the propagation performance of high frequency, many high-band frequency resources are not used. This is the resource that 5G can make good use of. In practical applications, the speed of 5G network is that of 4G network. More than 10 times. Through the optimized design of the frame structure, 5G shortens each subframe in the time domain to optimize the delay at the physical layer; the emergence of 5G network reduces the delay to even lower and will provide more opportunities for delay. Provides growing soil bags for demanding applications.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
The 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G for short) is a new generation of broadband mobile communication technology with the characteristics of high speed, low latency and large connections. 5G communication facilities are the key to realizing the realization of human, machine and physical objects. Internet network infrastructure. The technology is designed to greatly increase the speed and responsiveness of wireless networks.
With 5G, data transmitted over wireless broadband connections can be transmitted at multi-gigabit speeds, with potential peak speeds estimated to be as high as 20 gigabits per second (Gbps). These speeds exceed wired network speeds and provide latencies of 1 millisecond (ms) or less, which is useful for applications that require real-time feedback.
As a new type of mobile communication network, 5G not only solves the problem of communication between people, but also provides users with more immersive and ultimate business experiences such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and ultra-high-definition (3D) video. It is necessary to solve the communication problems between people and things, and between things and things, and meet the needs of IoT applications such as mobile medical care, Internet of Vehicles, smart homes, industrial control, and environmental monitoring. Eventually, 5G will penetrate into all industries and fields of the economy and society, becoming a key new infrastructure that supports the digital, networked, and intelligent transformation of the economy and society.
Three characteristics of 5g
1. High rate:
5G can be said to stand on the shoulders of giants. Relying on the good technical architecture of 4G, 5G can more easily build new technologies on its basis. One of the strongest aspects of the future 5G vision is the network speed experienced by users. 4G is now very fast, but it is not enough. The goal of 5G is a maximum of 10Gbps. In practical applications, the speed of 5G network is more than 10 times that of 4G network.
Today’s mobile networks work in relatively low frequency bands. The advantage of low frequency bands is superior propagation performance, which allows operators to use less cost (a small number of base stations) to achieve Very good coverage. However, one drawback is that the continuous frequency resources in the low frequency band are very precious. In foreign countries, major operators will purchase the right to use the frequency band through bidding, but in our country, it is allocated by the government.
In 4G LTE, the maximum frequency range of a single carrier is 20MHz. Through carrier aggregation technology, multiple non-consecutive carriers can be combined to achieve higher rates, but this is still not enough.
One of the characteristics of 5G is high frequency. Due to the propagation performance of high frequency, many high-band frequency resources are not used. This is the resource that 5G can make good use of.
But how to solve the propagation problem of high-frequency communication? This is the time for massive antennas (massive MIMO) to come on the scene. The frequency of high-frequency resources is very high and the wavelength is very short (millimeter wave). Therefore, when designing the antenna, the distance between the antenna elements and them can be achieved. Being small, antenna arrays can be integrated within a small range. The increase in the number of antenna elements can bring additional gain, combined with beamforming and beam tracking technology to compensate for the propagation limitations of high-frequency communications.
2. Large capacity:
The topic of the Internet of Things has been a hot topic in recent years, but it is limited by the terminal Power consumption and wireless network coverage, the wide-area Internet of Things is still in its infancy. With the emergence of 5G networks, it is foreseeable that it will become popular in the future.
What technical means will 5G use to support the development of Internet of Things technology? First, let’s take a look at how it will solve the core problems of IoT technology: Power consumption is the biggest obstacle plaguing the development of IoT technology, because there are too many nodes in the IoT, and due to many conditions, the terminal has no way to charge. Insert the battery and hope that the terminal itself can save power and use it for a longer period of time.
In order to solve this problem, 3GPP has specially launched narrowband IoT technology for wide-area IoT. By limiting the speed of the terminal (the real-time performance of IoT terminals in communication is generally not high), the bandwidth used is reduced, and the terminal speed is reduced. Transmit power, reduce antenna complexity (SISO), optimize physical layer technology (HARQ, reduce blind coding attempts), and half-duplex reduce terminal power consumption.
And 5G will go further on this basis, making terminals more power-saving by reducing signaling overhead, and using non-orthogonal multiple access technology to support more terminal access.
3. Low latency and high reliability:
The emergence of LTE network has brought the mobile network latency to the 100ms mark, making it easier for users with higher real-time requirements to Applications such as gaming, video, and data calling are possible. The emergence of 5G networks will reduce latency to an even lower level and provide opportunities for more applications that require extreme latency.
Technical principle of reducing delay: One TTI in LTE is 1ms, and 5G will optimize the design of the frame structure to perform each subframe in the time domain. Shorten and optimize the delay on the physical layer. It is believed that signaling structure optimization with the goal of reducing latency will also be adopted in the later design of 5G signaling.
Mainly oriented to the industrial Internet, intelligent manufacturing, autonomous driving, smart energy and other fields, supporting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry and high-quality development.
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