How to implement load balancing on php website

php网站实现负载均衡的方法：1、准备好虚拟机；2、通过yum方式安装php；3、加入配置“pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid”；4、通过yum方式安装nginx；5、编写nginx启动脚本，添加配置为“NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"”。

本教程操作环境：linux5.9.8系统、PHP8.1版、DELL G3电脑

nginx+php 实现代理与负载均衡 （1台nginx，2台php）

实验准备 

3台虚拟机

 192.168.239.136/192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144

1 安装php 192.168.239.140/192.168.239.144

  安装之前先做好这些准备工作（安装基础环境）

 yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"  
 yum install -y epel-release
 yum install -y libxml2-devel.x86_64 openssl-devel.x86_64 bzip2-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-devel.x86_64 libjpeg-turbo-static.x86_64 libpng-devel.x86_64 libpng-static.x86_64 freetype-devel.x86_64 libstdc++ libstdc++-devel compat-libstdc++-33 libstdc++-static gcc libmcrypt-devel lrzsz gcc gcc-c++  make man vim tree unzip wget curl lua-devel lua-static GeoIP GeoIP-devel  patch libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel gd gd-devel autoconf m4 pcre-devel.x86_64 pcre-static.x86_64 lrzsz ntp libcurl-devel.x86_64 libtool-ltdl-devel.x86_64

下载php源码包到 /usr/local/src  cd /usr/local/src

 解压     cd 解压目录    useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php   --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc  --enable-fpm   --with-fpm-user=php-fpm  --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd  --with-libxml-dir  --with-gd   --with-jpeg-dir   --with-png-dir   --with-freetype-dir  --with-iconv-dir   --with-zlib-dir   --with-mcrypt   --enable-soap   --enable-gd-native-ttf   --enable-ftp  --enable-mbstring  --enable-exif  --enable-zend-multibyte   --disable-ipv6   --with-pear   --with-curl 
make && make install
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini  拷贝配置文件
cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm       拷贝启动脚本
mv /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf.default  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf  
> /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf 
vim !$     加入如下配置
[global]                               
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid                        error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log     
            [www]                                                                               listen = 192.168.239.140:9000      （IP是php本机IP或者0.0.0.0，不能是127.0.0.1）user = php-fpm group = php-fpmlisten.owner = nobody listen.group = nobody pm = dynamic                               pm.max_children = 50                    pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 
slowlog = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/slow.logrequest_slowlog_timeout = 1
php_admin_value[open_basedir]=/data/www/:/tmp/
/usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start      netstat -lnpt  查看是否有监听  192.168.239.140：9000
mkdir -p /tmp/tmp
vim /tmp/tmp/index.php       创建动态测试文件，写入如下
    dongtaiqingqiu 1

2.第二台安装php  （安装编译都不变，配置文件IP更改为 192.168.239.144：9000  最后index.php 中dongtaiqingqiu 1改为dongtaiqingqiu2  ）

3.安装nginx

下载源码包到 /usr/local/src  cd /usr/local/src

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

 解压     cd 解压目录    

yum install -y pcre-devel       
./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx   --with-pcre 
make 
make install

4. 编写nginx启动脚本

vim /etc/init.d/nginx  加入如下配置
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
        rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
        echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
        killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
        stop
        start
}
configtest(){
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}
case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

保存后，执行

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx  或者 chmod 755 ！$ 修改权限   
service nginx start          启动nginx

5. 配置反向代理  

> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf  
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf    加入如下配置
user nobody nobody;         
worker_processes 2;            
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;   
}
http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;               
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
    '$host "$request_uri" $status'
    '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
    include vhosts/*.conf;
}

配置代理

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/php.conf  加入如下配置
 upstream mysvr {
    #weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大
    server 192.168.239.144:9000  weight=2;
    server 192.168.239.140:9000  weight=1;
    }
server
{
    listen 80;
    server_name www.q.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/nginx/html;
    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass mysvr;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /tmp/tmp$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t   检测配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload  （直接重新加载配置，不需要重启）
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.html     创建静态测试文件，写入
    jingtaifangwen

设置本地解析

修改windons hosts（地址 c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts）记事本打开，最下面添加一行配置

192.168.239.136 www.q.com

测试：最好用谷歌浏览器 （如下显示 代理成功）

   访问  www.q.com   显示的是nginx 默认页

   访问  www.q.com/.html   显示的jingtaifangwen

   访问  www.q.com/index.php  多刷新几次  会显示 dongtaifangwen1 一次 dongtaifangwen2 两次

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