[Compilation and summary] Detailed explanation of 11 knowledge points of Vue3

This article summarizes and shares Vue3 study notes, and provides an in-depth understanding of 11 knowledge points of Vue3. I hope it will be helpful to everyone!

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1. Why choose CompositionAPI

Limitations of Vue2

• Poor readability caused by component logic expansion
• Unable to reuse code across components
• Vue2 has limited support for TS

In the traditional OptionsAPI we need to spread the logic into the following six parts. [Related recommendations: vue.js video tutorial]

OptionsAPI

• ##components
• props
• data
• computed
• methods
• lifecycle methods

How to use CompositionAPI to solve the problem

The best solution is to aggregate the logic and the code can be very good Readability.

This is what our CompositionAPI syntax can achieve. CompositionAPI is a completely optional syntax and has no conflict with the original OptionAPI. It allows us to organize code with the same function together without scattering it to every corner of the optionsAPI

Code reuse method PK

Cross-component reuse code in Vue2, we There are probably four options

1. Mixin - Mixin

Code mixing is actually the mixing mode in the design mode, and its shortcomings are also very obvious .
• Can be understood as multiple inheritance. Simply put, it is how a person has two fathers

Disadvantages

Cannot be avoided Attribute name conflict
• Unclear inheritance relationship

2. Mixin Factory - Mixin Factory

returns a

✅Code reuse is convenient

✅Inheritance relationship cleaning

3. ScopeSlots - Scope slots

❌Not very readable

❌Configuration Complex - needs to be configured in the template

❌Low performance-each slot is equivalent to an instance

4, CompositionApi - composite API

✅Small amount of code

✅No new syntax is introduced, just a simple function

✅Exceptionally flexible

✅The tool syntax prompts are friendly-because it is a simple function, it is very Easy to implement syntax prompts and automatic compensation

2. setup & ref

Reason for using CompositionAPI

✅Better Typescript support

✅In complex functional components, code can be organized according to characteristics - code cohesion, such as:

Sort and search logic cohesion

✅Components Inter-code reuse

What is setup

Execute before the following method:
• Components
  Props
  • Data
  • Methods
  • Computed Properties
  • Lifecycle methods
  ##can be no longer difficult to use Understand this
• has two optional parameters
• props - properties (responsive object and can be monitored (watch))

import {watch} from "vue"
export defalut {
	props: {
		name: String
	},
	setup(props) {
		watch(() => {
			console.log(props.name)
		})
	}
}

context context object - used to replace the properties that can be accessed by the previous this method

• setup (props,context) {
  	const {attrs,slots,parent,root,emit} = context
  }

What is ref

The boxing operation of basic data type data makes it a responsive object that can track data changes.

Summary

The maintainability is significantly improved

• 可以控制哪些变量暴露
• 可以跟中哪些属性被定义 （属性继承与引用透明）

三、Methods

基础用法

自动拆装箱总结

• JS ：需要通过.value访问包装对象
• 模板: 自动拆箱

四、 Computed - 计算属性

这个地方实在没什么好讲的，和Vue2没变化

<template>
  <div>
    <div>Capacity： {{ capacity }}</div>
    <p>Spases Left: {{ sapcesLeft }} out of {{ capacity }}</p>
    <button @click="increaseCapacity()">Increase Capacity</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

import { ref, computed, watch } from "vue";
export default {
  setup(props, context) {
    const capacity = ref(3);
    const attending = ref(["Tim", "Bob", "Joe"]);
    function increaseCapacity() {
      capacity.value++;
    }
    const sapcesLeft = computed(() => {
      return capacity.value - attending.value.length;
    });
    return { capacity, increaseCapacity, attending, sapcesLeft };
  },
};
</script>

五、Reactive - 响应式语法

之前reactive 的 Ref 去声明所有的响应式属性

import { ref,computed } from 'vue'
export default {
  setup(){
    const capacity = ref(4);
    const attending = ref(["Tim","Bob","Joe"]);
    const spacesLeft = computed(()=>{
      return capacity.value - attending.value.length
    })
    function increaseCapacity(){ capacity.value ++;}
    return { capacity,increaseCapacity,attending,spacesLeft}
  }
}

但是有另一个等效的方法用它去代替 reactive 的Ref

import { reactive,computed } from 'vue'
export default {
  setup(){
    const event = reactive({
      capacity:4,
      attending:["Tim","Bob","Joe"],
      spacesLeft:computed(()=>{
        return event.capacity - event.attending.length;
      })
    })
  }
}

过去我们用vue2.0的data来声明响应式对象,但是现在在这里每一个属性都是响应式的包括computed 计算属性

这2种方式相比于第一种没有使用.

接下来 我们再声明method 这2种语法都ok，取决于你选择哪一种

setup(){
  const event = reactive(){
    capacity:4,
    attending:["Tim","Bob","Joe"],
    spacesLeft:computed(()=>{
      return event.capacity - event.attending.length;
    })
    function increaseCapacity(){event.capacity++}
    //return整个对象
    return {event,increaseCapacity}
  }
}

<p>Spaces Left:{{event.spacesLeft}} out of {{event.capacity}}</p>
<h2 id="Attending">Attending</h2>
<ul>>
	<li v-for="(name,index) in event.attending" :key="index">
     {{name}}
  </li>
</ul>
<button @click="increaseCapacity()"> Increase Capacity</button>

在这里我们使用对象都是.属性的方式，但是如果 这个结构变化了，event分开了编程了一个个片段，这个时候就不能用.属性的方式了

//在这里可以使用toRefs
import {reactive,computed,toRefs} from 'vue'
export default{
  setup(){
    const event = reactive({
      capacity:4,
      attending:["Tim","Bob","Joe"],
      spacesLeft:computed(()=>{
        return event.capacity -event.attending.length;
        
      })
    })
    function increaseCapacity(){ event.capacity ++ }
    return {...toRefs(event),increaseCapacity}
  }
}

如果没有 increaseCapacity() 这个方法 直接可以简化为

return toRefs(event)

完整代码

<div>
   <p>Space Left : {{event.spacesLeft}} out of {{event.capacity}} </p>
   <h2 id="Attending">Attending</h2>
   <ul>
      <li v-for="(name,index)" in event.attending :key="index">{{name}}
      </li>


     
   </ul>
   <button @click="increaseCapacity">Increase Capacity</button>
   </div>
</template>

<script>
//第一种
import {ref,computed } from &#39;vue&#39;
export default {
  setup(){
    const capacity = ref(4)
    const attending = ref(["Tim","Bob","Joe"])
    const spaceLeft = computed(()=>{
      return capacity.value - attending.value.length;
    });
    function increaseCapacity(){ capacity.value++; }
    return {capacity,increaseCapacity,attending,spaceLeft}   


  }
} 

//返回一个响应式函数 第二种
import { reactive,computed } from &#39;vue&#39;
export default {
  setup(){
    const event = reactive({
      capacity:4,
      attending:["Tim","Bob","Joe"],
      spaceLeft:computed(()=>{
        return event.capacity - event.attending.length;
      })
    })
    //我们不再使用.value
    function increaseCapacity() { event.capacity++; }
    //把这个event放入到template中
    return { event,increaseCapacity}
  }
}


</script>

六、 Modularizing

使用CompositionAPI的两个理由

1、可以按照功能组织代码

2、组件间功能代码复用

七、 LifecycleHooks - 生命周期钩子

Vue2	Vue3
beforeCreate	❌setup(替代)
created	❌setup(替代)
beforeMount	onBeforeMount
mounted	onMounted
beforeUpdate	onBeforeUpdate
updated	onUpdated
beforeDestroy	onBeforeUnmount
destroyed	onUnmounted
errorCaptured	onErrorCaptured
-	?onRenderTracked
-	?onRenderTriggered

setup中调用生命周期钩子

import { onBeforeMount,onMounted } from "vue";
export default {
  setup() {
    onBeforeMount(() => {
        console.log('Before Mount!')
    }) 
    onMounted(() => {
        console.log('Before Mount!')
    }) 
  },
};

八、Watch - 监听器

// 所有依赖响应式对象监听
watchEffect(() => {
   results.value = getEventCount(searchInput.value);
 });

// 特定响应式对象监听
watch(
  searchInput,
  () => {
    console.log("watch searchInput:");
  }
);

// 特定响应式对象监听 可以获取新旧值
watch(
  searchInput,
 (newVal, oldVal) => {
    console.log("watch searchInput:", newVal, oldVal);
  },
);

// 多响应式对象监听
watch(
  [firstName,lastName],
 ([newFirst,newLast], [oldFirst,oldlast]) => {
   // .....
  },
  
);

// 非懒加载方式监听 可以设置初始值
watch(
  searchInput,
  (newVal, oldVal) => {
    console.log("watch searchInput:", newVal, oldVal);
  },
  {
    immediate: true, 
  }
);

九、Sharing State - 共享状态

编写一个公共函数usePromise函数需求如下：

• results : 返回Promise执行结果
• loading： 返回Promise运行状态
  • PENDING :true
  • REJECTED : false
  • RESOLVED: false
• error ： 返回执行错误

import { ref } from "vue";

export default function usePromise(fn) {
  const results = ref(null);
  // is PENDING
  const loading = ref(false);
  const error = ref(null);

  const createPromise = async (...args) => {
    loading.value = true;
    error.value = null;
    results.value = null;
    try {
      results.value = await fn(...args);
    } catch (err) {
      error.value = err;
    } finally {
      loading.value = false;
    }
  };
  return { results, loading, error, createPromise };
}

应用

import { ref, watch } from "vue";
import usePromise from "./usePromise";
export default {
  setup() {
    const searchInput = ref("");
    function getEventCount() {
      return new Promise((resolve) => {
        setTimeout(() => resolve(3), 1000);
      });
    }

    const getEvents = usePromise((searchInput) => getEventCount());

    watch(searchInput, () => {
      if (searchInput.value !== "") {
        getEvents.createPromise(searchInput);
      } else {
        getEvents.results.value = null;
      }
    });

    return { searchInput, ...getEvents };
  },
};

十、Suspense - 悬念

复杂的Loading实现

我们考虑一下当你加载一个远程数据时，如何显示loading状态

通常我们可以在模板中使用v-if

但是在一个组件树中，其中几个子组件需要远程加载数据，当加载完成前父组件希望处于Loading状态时我们就必须借助全局状态管理来管理这个Loading状态

Suspense基础语法

这个问题在Vue3中有一个全新的解决方法。

这就是Suspense Component，悬念组件。

<template>
  <div>
    <div>Uh oh .. {{ error }}</div>
    <suspense>
      <template>
        <div>
          <event></event>
          <asyncevent></asyncevent>
        </div>
      </template>
      <template> Loading.... </template>
    </suspense>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import { ref, onErrorCaptured, defineAsyncComponent } from "vue";

import Event from "./Event.vue";

const AsyncEvent = defineAsyncComponent(() => import("./Event.vue"));
export default {
  components: {
    Event,
    AsyncEvent,
  },

  setup() {
    const error = ref(null);
    onErrorCaptured((e) => {
      error.value = e;
      // 阻止错误继续冒泡
      return true;
    });
    return { error };
  },
};
</script>

骨架屏实现

十一、Teleport - 传送门

功能

类似React中的Portal, 可以将特定的html模板传送到Dom的任何位置

基础语法

通过选择器QuerySelector配置

示例代码

<template>
  <div>
    <teleport>
      <!-- 【Teleport : This should be at the end 】 -->
      <div>
        <video>
          
        </video>
      </div>
    </teleport>
    <div>【Teleport : This should be at the top】</div>
    <button>Toggle showText</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { ref } from "vue";
export default {
  setup() {
    const showText = ref(false);
    setInterval(() => {
      showText.value = !showText.value;
    }, 1000);
    return { showText };
  },
};
</script>

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