The hardware of a microcomputer consists of five parts: 1. Calculator, a component in the computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations; 2. Controller, which changes the wiring and wiring of the main circuit or control circuit in a predetermined sequence. A master device that changes the resistance value in the circuit to control the starting, speed regulation, braking and reverse direction of the motor; 3. Memory, a memory device used to save information in modern information technology; 4. Input device, which means inputting data into a computer and information equipment; 5. Output equipment, that is, the terminal equipment of the computer hardware system.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, DELL G3 computer.
The five major components of a computer: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device, output device
1. Calculator.
Arithmetic unit: arithmetic unit, a component in a computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations. The basic operations of the arithmetic unit include the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shifts, comparisons, and transmissions. It is also called the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
The arithmetic unit consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.
2. Controller.
Controller (English name: controller) refers to changing the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit in a predetermined sequence and changing the resistance value in the circuit to control the starting, speed regulation, braking and reverse of the motor. main command device. Composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, timing generator and operation controller, it is the "decision-making mechanism" that issues commands, that is, it completes the coordination and command of the operation of the entire computer system.
#3. Memory.
Memory is a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The concept is very broad and has many levels. In a digital system, anything that can save binary data can be a memory; in an integrated circuit, a circuit with a storage function that has no physical form is also called a memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; In the system, storage devices in physical form are also called memories, such as memory sticks, TF cards, etc. All information in the computer, including input raw data, computer programs, intermediate running results and final running results, are stored in memory. It stores and retrieves information based on locations specified by the controller. Only with memory can the computer have memory function and ensure normal operation. The memory in the computer can be divided into main memory (memory) and auxiliary memory (external memory) according to its purpose. There are also classification methods into external memory and internal memory. External storage is usually magnetic media or optical disks, which can store information for a long time. Memory refers to the storage component on the motherboard, which is used to store data and programs currently being executed, but is only used to temporarily store programs and data. When the power is turned off or the power is turned off, the data will be lost.
4. Input device.
Input device: A device that inputs data and information to the computer. It is a bridge between computers and users or other devices. Input devices are one of the main devices for information exchange between users and computer systems. Keyboards, mice, cameras, scanners, light pens, handwriting input tablets, joysticks, voice input devices, etc. are all input devices. Input device (InputDevice) is a device for human or external interaction with the computer. It is used to input raw data and programs for processing these numbers into the computer. Computers can receive a variety of data, which can be numerical data or various non-numeric data, such as graphics, images, sounds, etc., which can be input into the computer through different types of input devices for processing. Storage, processing and output.
#5. Output device.
Output device (Output Device) is a terminal device of a computer hardware system, used to receive computer data output display, printing, sound, control peripheral device operations, etc. It also expresses various calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc. Common output devices include monitors, printers, plotters, image output systems, voice output systems, magnetic recording devices, etc.
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