? IE ?]>HTML code block "; 2. Attribute prefix hack, the syntax is "selector{?Attribute name:attribute value?;}"; 3. The selector prefix hack, the syntax is " selector{style code}"."/> ? IE ?]>HTML code block "; 2. Attribute prefix hack, the syntax is "selector{?Attribute name:attribute value?;}"; 3. The selector prefix hack, the syntax is " selector{style code}".">
HomeWeb Front-endFront-end Q&AWhat are the common css hacks?

What are the common css hacks?

Jul 28, 2022 pm 05:19 PM
csshack

常见css hack有三种:1、条件hack,语法“”;2、属性前缀hack,语法“selector{?属性名:属性值?;}”;3、选择器前缀hack,语法“ selector{ 样式代码 }”。

What are the common css hacks?

本教程操作环境:windows7系统、CSS3&&HTML5版、Dell G3电脑。

CSS hack 是通过在 CSS 样式中加入一些特殊的符号,让不同的浏览器识别不同的符号 (什么样的浏览器识别什么样的符号是有标准的,CSS hack 就是让你记住这个标准),,以达到应用不同的 CSS 样式的目的。

CSS hack 是因为现有浏览器对标准的解析不同,为了兼容各浏览器,所采用的一种补救方法.。为了兼容低版本浏览器器的 CSS 解析 BUG,不得不把代码写的很绕, 直接增加了维护成本。

CSS hack 是一种类似作弊的手段, 以欺骗浏览器的方式达到兼容的目的, 是用浏览器的兼容性差异来解决浏览器的兼容性问题。

常用的css hack有三种:条件hack、属性hack、选择符hack

1、条件hack

语法:

<!--[if <keywords>? IE <version>?]>
HTML代码块
<![endif]-->

取值:

if条件共包含6种选择方式:是否、大于、大于或等于、小于、小于或等于、非指定版本

  • 是否:指定是否IE或IE某个版本。关键字:
  • 大于:选择大于指定版本的IE版本。关键字:gt(greater than)
  • 大于或等于:选择大于或等于指定版本的IE版本。关键字:gte(greater than or equal)
  • 小于:选择小于指定版本的IE版本。关键字:lt(less than)
  • 小于或等于:选择小于或等于指定版本的IE版本。关键字:lte(less than or equal)
  • 非指定版本:选择除指定版本外的所有IE版本。关键字:!

如不想在非IE中看到某区域,可这样写:

<!--[if IE]>
<p>你在非IE中将看不到我的身影</p>
<![endif]-->

if条件6种选择方式的使用示例

是否,示例代码:

<!--[if IE]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

大于,示例代码:

<!--[if gt IE 6]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

大于或等于,示例代码:

<!--[if gte IE 6]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

小于,示例代码:

<!--[if lt IE 7]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

小于或等于,示例代码:

<!--[if lte IE 7]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

非指定版本,示例代码:

<!--[if ! IE 7]>
<style>
.test{color:red;}
</style>
<![endif]-->

2、属性前缀hack

语法:selector{?property:value?;}

取值:

  • _:选择IE6及以下。连接线(中划线)(-)亦可使用,为了避免与某些带中划线的属性混淆,所以使用下划线(_)更为合适。

  • *:选择IE7及以下。诸如:(+)与(#)之类的均可使用,不过业界对(*)的认知度更高

  • \9:选择IE6+

  • \0:选择IE8+和Opera

[;property:value;];:选择webkit核心浏览器(Chrome,Safari)。IE7及以下也能识别。中括号内外的3个分号必须保留,第一个分号前可以是任意规则或任意多个规则[;color:#f00;]; 与 [color:#f00;color:#f00;]; 与 [margin:0;padding:0;color:#f00;]; 是等价的。生效的始终是中括号内的最后一条规则,所以通常选用第一种写法最为简洁。

说明:

选择不同的浏览器及版本

  • 尽可能减少对CSS Hack的使用。Hack有风险,使用需谨慎
  • 通常如未作特别说明,本文档所有的代码和示例的默认运行环境都为标准模式。
  • 一些CSS Hack由于浏览器存在交叉认识,所以需要通过层层覆盖的方式来实现对不同浏览器进行Hack的。如下面这个例子:

.test{
    color:#090\9; /* For IE8+ */
    *color:#f00;  /* For IE7 and earlier */
    _color:#ff0;  /* For IE6 and earlier */
}

3、选择器前缀hack

语法: selector{ 样式代码 }

说明:

选择不同的浏览器及版本

  • 尽可能减少对CSS Hack的使用。Hack有风险,使用需谨慎
  • 通常如未作特别说明,本文档所有的代码和示例的默认运行环境都为标准模式。
  • 一些CSS Hack由于浏览器存在交叉认识,所以需要通过层层覆盖的方式来实现对不同浏览器进行Hack的。
* html .test{color:#090;}       /* For IE6 and earlier */
* + html .test{color:#ff0;}     /* For IE7 */
.test:lang(zh-cn){color:#f00;}  /* For IE8+ and not IE */
.test:nth-child(1){color:#0ff;} /* For IE9+ and not IE */

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