my country’s first computer was called the 103 machine; in 1958, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China’s first small tube general-purpose computer, the 103 machine (Type 81), marking the birth of China’s first electronic computer.
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What is the name of the first computer in my country?
China’s microcomputer industry has gone through an extraordinary journey over the past 10 years. In 1958, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first small tube general-purpose computer 103 (Type 81), marking the birth of China's first electronic computer.
Development of Domestic Computers (1965-1972)
In 1965, the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China’s first large-scale transistor computer: 109 B machine; 109 The B machine was improved, and two years later the 109 C machine was launched, which played an important role in China's two-bomb trial production and was hailed as a "meritorious machine" by users. North China Computing Institute has successfully developed the 108 machine, 108 B machine (DJS-6), 121 machine (DJS-21) and 320 machine (DJS-8), and produced them in five factories including the 738 factory. From 1965 to 1975, Factory 738 produced a total of 320 machines and more than 380 second-generation products. Harbin Military Industry (the predecessor of the National University of Defense Technology) successfully launched the 441B transistor computer in February 1965 and produced more than 40 units in small batches.
Computer development of small and medium-sized integrated circuits in China (1973-early 1980s)
In 1973, Peking University cooperated with Beijing Cable Power Plant and other units to successfully develop a computer with a computing speed of A large-scale general-purpose computer capable of 1 million operations per second, Tsinghua University and other units jointly designed and successfully developed the DJS-130 minicomputer in 1974. Later, the DJS-140 minicomputer was launched, forming the 100 series of products. At the same time, with the North China Computing Institute as the main base, 57 units across the country were organized to jointly design the DJS-200 series of computers, and also designed and developed the DJS-180 series of super minicomputers. In the late 1970s, the 32nd Institute of Electronics of the Ministry of Electronics and the National University of Defense Technology successfully developed the 655 machine and the 151 machine respectively, with speeds of one million times. In the 1980s, China's high-speed computers, especially vector computers, experienced new developments.
Domestic computer development of very large scale integrated circuits (mid-1980s to present)
Like foreign countries, China's fourth-generation computer development also started with microcomputers. In the early 1980s, many units in China also began to use Z80, X86 and 6502 chips to develop microcomputers. In December 1983, the Sixth Institute of Electronics of the Ministry of Electronics successfully developed the DJS-0520 microcomputer compatible with IBM PC. Over the past 10 years, China's microcomputer industry has gone through an extraordinary journey.
China’s Achievements
In 1958, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China’s first small tube general-purpose computer 103 (Type 81), marking the development of China’s first electronic computer. Birth.
In 1965, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed the first large-scale transistor computer 109 B, and later launched the 109 C computer, which played an important role in the two-bomb test;
In 1974, Tsinghua University and other units jointly designed and developed the DJS-130 small computer using integrated circuits, with a computing speed of 1 million operations per second; The billion-time Galaxy-I supercomputer is an important milestone in the development of high-speed computers in China;
In 1985, the Computer Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Electronic Industry successfully developed the Great Wall 0520CH microcomputer that was compatible with IBM PCs.
In 1992, the National University of Defense Technology developed the Galaxy-II general-purpose parallel supercomputer, with a peak speed of 400 million floating-point operations per second (equivalent to 1 billion basic operations per second) and a shared main memory The four-processor vector machine has a vector central processing unit designed by itself using small and medium-sized integrated circuits, and has generally reached the international advanced level in the mid-to-late 1980s. It is mainly used for mid-term weather forecast; A parallel computer designed and developed based on a general-purpose microprocessor chip of a very large scale integrated circuit and a standard UNIX operating system;
In 1995, Sugon launched the country's first large-scale parallel processor (MPP) structure The parallel machine Sugon 1000 (including 36 processors) has a peak speed of 2.5 billion floating-point operations per second, and the actual computing speed has reached the high-performance level of 1 billion floating-point operations per second. Dawn 1000 is similar in architecture and implementation technology to the large-scale parallel machine launched by Intel Corporation of the United States in 1990, and the gap with foreign countries has narrowed to about 5 years.
In 1997, the National University of Defense Technology successfully developed the Galaxy-III exascale parallel supercomputer system, which adopted a scalable distributed shared storage parallel processing architecture and consisted of more than 130 processing nodes with a peak performance of 130 per second. 100 million floating-point operations, and the system comprehensive technology has reached the international advanced level in the mid-1990s.
From 1997 to 1999, Sugon Corporation successively launched Sugon 1000A, Sugon 2000-I, and Sugon 2000-Ⅱ super servers with a cluster structure (Cluster) on the market. The peak computing speed has exceeded 100 billion times per second. Floating point operation, the machine scale has exceeded 160 processors,
In 1999, the Sunway I computer developed by the National Parallel Computer Engineering Technology Research Center passed national acceptance and was put into operation at the National Meteorological Center. The system has 384 computing processing units, with a peak computing speed of 384 billion operations per second. In 2000, Sugon launched the Sugon 3000 super server with 300 billion floating-point operations per second.
In 2001, the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully developed China's first general-purpose CPU-"Loongson" chip
In 2002, Sugon launched the "Longteng" server with completely independent intellectual property rights. It adopts the "Loongson-1" CPU, the server-specific motherboard jointly developed by Sugon and the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Sugon LINUX operating system. This server is the first product in China that fully realizes its own property rights. It is used in national defense, security, etc. The department will play a major role. In 2003, the exascale data processing super server Dawn 4000L passed national acceptance, once again breaking the historical record of domestic super servers and bringing the domestic high-performance industry to a new level.
On April 9, 2003, it was organized by Suzhou Guoxin, Nanjing Panda, SMIC, Shanghai Grace, Shanghai Belling, Hangzhou Silan, Beijing National Integrated Circuit Industrialization Base, Peking University, Tsinghua University, etc. The "C*Core (China Core) Industry Alliance" composed of 61 integrated circuit companies and organizations was announced in Nanjing, seeking to work together to build a complete industrial chain for China's integrated circuits. On December 9, 2003, the "Shenteng 6800" supercomputer, the national grid master node undertaken by Lenovo, was officially developed. Its actual computing speed reached 4.183 trillion operations per second, ranking 14th in the world, and its operating efficiency was 78.5%.
On December 28, 2003, the "China Core Project" results report meeting was held in the Great Hall of the People. China's "Starlight China Core" project developed and designed 5 generations of digital multimedia chips, accounting for more than 40% of the international market share. The market share of computer image input chips occupies the first position in the world.
On March 24, 2004, at the executive meeting of the State Council, the "Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft)" was passed in principle, which marked that China's electronic business has gradually entered the legal track.
On June 21, 2004, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy announced the latest list of the top 500 computers in the world. The supercomputer "Dawn 4000A" developed by Sugon Computer Company ranked tenth, with a computing speed of 80,610 billion times.
The Electronic Signature Law was officially implemented on April 1, 2005. The "Electronic Signature Law of the People's Republic of China" was officially implemented. Electronic signatures will have the same legal effect as traditional handwritten signatures and seals, and will promote and standardize the development of electronic transactions in China.
On April 18, 2005, "Loongson-2" was officially unveiled. China's first general-purpose high-performance CPU "Loongson 2" with independent intellectual property rights, developed by the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was officially unveiled.
On May 1, 2005, Lenovo completed the acquisition of IBM PC. Lenovo officially announced the completion of the acquisition of IBM's global PC business. Lenovo has become the world's third largest PC manufacturer with annual revenue after the merger of approximately US$13 billion and annual personal computer sales of approximately 14 million units.
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