Operation and Maintenance
Linux Operation and Maintenance
Teach you how to use shell scripts to quickly set up the server (with code)Teach you how to use shell scripts to quickly set up the server (with code)
之前的文章《一文讲解css3实现椭圆轨迹旋转(总结)》中,给大家介绍了如何用css3实现椭圆轨迹旋转的方法。下面本篇文章给大家怎么使用shell脚本实现服务器快速设置,有一定的参考价值,有需要的朋友可以参考一下,希望对你们有所助。

通过shell脚本实现服务器快速设置
现在企业出海已经是常态,我们面临更多的国家地区服务器安装的工作。虽然云服务已经普及,还有各种SaaS可以快速使用,但定制化需求会一直存在,那么快速部署的方法就很有必要。
目前与那些快速部署方法?
服务器镜像——最快,但必须在同一个供应商内,出海可能会不同地区用不同的云服务商,就无法实现。
docker——可以通过镜像方式快速部署,应对复杂环境;shell脚本——可以简化大多数复杂应用的安装,适合系统环境变化不大的情况,例如可以用同一个版本系统。
虽然shell脚本的方式不如docker和镜像好使,但如果你还没有尝试过,可以试一下,作为一个工具,可以极大提高效率,因为我们也看到,很多的linux安装包也提供了类似的一键安装脚本。
在上脚本之前,先要说明一下我的服务器软件内容:
gitlab-runner集成部署nodeJS环境nodeJS标准的跑在gitlab-runner用户下使用
nvm管理nodejs版本使用
pm2管理进程
下面是以我在游戏出海时使用的shell脚本,简单说明如何通过shell脚本快速部署:
#!/bin/sh #第一句,基本是所有sh脚本的标准开头 # Centos 7.8 #说明这个脚本适用的系统和版本,给人看的 #硬盘目录:#变量声明 DISK_PATH="/data" #之前已经mount好的硬盘路径 #hostname: HOSTNAME="my_server_name" #服务器名字,方便登录后区分 #gitlab-runner: GITLAB_RUNNER="https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/runner/gitlab-runner/script.rpm.sh" #nodejs version NODE_VERSION="v8.17.0" #NVM #nvm安装脚本 NVM_SCRIPT="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.37.2/install.sh" #PM2 #pm2版本 PM2="pm2" #pm2 data path: #pm2日志路径,我们不希望放到系统盘中 PM2_DATA_DIR="pm2Data" # 下方会组合成完整的路径 DISK_PATH+/PM2_DATA_DIR echo "开始安装SDK channel套件============" if [ -n "$HOSTNAME" ] # if的使用方式,大家需要去了解一下,-n是如果不为空的意思 then echo "修改hostname为:$HOSTNAME" hostnamectl set-hostname "$HOSTNAME" else echo "可以使用 'hostnamectl set-hostname newHostname' #设置当前hostname,立即生效,重启也生效" fi echo "准备开始,当前hostname:" hostname # 下面是一连串的安装和处理了 echo "基础准备:" yum install epel-release -y yum update -y echo "安装 htop:" yum install htop -y echo "安装 ngnix:" rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm yum install nginx -y systemctl enable nginx systemctl start nginx touch "/etc/nginx/conf.d/virtual.conf" echo "安装gitlab-runner:" # For RHEL/CentOS/Fedora curl -L "$GITLAB_RUNNER" | sudo bash yum install gitlab-runner -y echo "alias lg='su -l gitlab-runner'" >> "$HOME/.bashrc" source "$HOME/.bashrc" echo "建立pm2Data目录:" PM2_FINALDIR="$DISK_PATH/$PM2_DATA_DIR" if [ ! -d "$PM2_FINALDIR" ]; then #-d是判断是不是目录,不是就创建 mkdir "$PM2_FINALDIR" fi chown gitlab-runner:gitlab-runner "$PM2_FINALDIR" #修改目录owner # 我会生成一个新的脚本到gitlab-runner目录,为什么这样做呢? # 因为需要在gitlab-ruuner用户跑服务,希望环境在目标用户那里。 # 另外的原因是,以其他用户身份安装pm2会出现问题,那我就跑2次脚本咯 echo "切换用户安装 node 套件" ######## nodejs.sh Start######## NODE_SHELL='/home/gitlab-runner/nodejs.sh' echo "#!/bin/sh # Centos 7.8 #硬盘目录: #nodejs version NODE_VERSION=\"$NODE_VERSION\" PM2_FINALDIR=\"$PM2_FINALDIR\" #NVM NVM_SCRIPT=\"$NVM_SCRIPT\" #PM2 PM2=\"$PM2\" echo \"安装 nvm\" curl -o- $NVM_SCRIPT | bash echo \"安装 node $NODE_VERSION:\" source \"\$HOME/.bashrc\" nvm install $NODE_VERSION nvm use $NODE_VERSION echo \"安装pm2: $PM2\" npm i $PM2 -g npm install --global coffeescript npm install --global gulp # pm2 目录的骚操作 PM2_HOME=\"\$HOME/.pm2\" if [ -d \$PM2_HOME ]; then echo '处理.pm2目录' pwd ll mv \$PM2_HOME $PM2_FINALDIR rm \$PM2_HOME -r ln -s $PM2_FINALDIR/ \$PM2_HOME else echo -e '.pm2 目录不存在' ln -s $PM2_FINALDIR/ \$PM2_HOME fi source \"\$HOME/.bashrc\" echo \"NodeJS 套件结束\"" > "$NODE_SHELL" chown gitlab-runner:gitlab-runner "$NODE_SHELL" chmod +x "$NODE_SHELL" # 让脚本可以运行 # sudo -H -u gitlab-runner bash -c "$NODE_SHELL" #无法跑pm2安装 echo "将切换到gitlab-runner 用户,然后运行./nodejs.sh" ######## nodejs.sh End ######## su -l gitlab-runner #切换用户,跑./nodejs.sh,就可以安装好nodejs环境 sudo gitlab-runner register # 注册gitlab-runner echo "完成" exit 0
这个脚本里遇到的最大问题是,我们目前无法在root中安装pm2,会报错。当然也可以通过研究解决,但万一以后pm2版本更新了呢?研究出来的方法是不是不能用?所以干脆脚本生成脚本,再跑一次。coding的时候记得字符串中的转义。
通过这个方式,我实现了另外2个共3个为一组的服务群快速安装。中间发生了一次,安装了一半的时候,发现供应商给错服务器了,只能3个服务器都需要重新安装!还好有脚本,否则真的是灾难!
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