An in-depth analysis of callback in Node.js asynchronous programming

The running results of non-blocking I/O require a callback function to receive. The following article will give you a detailed introduction toNode.jscallback (callback) in asynchronous programming.

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The running result of non-blocking I/O requires a callback function to receive Yes, this way of using callback functions is asynchronous programming!

Asynchronous Programming Case 1

function interview(callback) { setTimeout(() => { callback("success"); }, 1000); } interview(function (res) { if (res === "success") { console.log("============我笑了"); } });

Callback function format specification

##error-first callbak
• Node-style callback
• The first parameter is error, and the following parameters are the result

Why the first parameter is error

function interview(callback) { setTimeout(() => { if (Math.random() < 0.3) { callback("success"); } throw new Error("fail"); }, 1000); } try { interview(function (res) { if (res === "success") { console.log("============我笑了"); } }); } catch (error) { console.log("fail", error); }

In the above code,

try catchcannot capture the error thrown bythrow new Error('fail')! , but thrown to the JS global! In Node.js, global errors are very serious things and can cause the program to crash!

Why is there no

try catchthat cannot capture thethrowin setTimeout? This has something to do withcall stackandevent loop!

Each event loop is a brand new call stack!setTimeoutand interview are two different event loops!

But you can solve this problem by throwing an error in the parameters in the callback function

function interview(callback) { setTimeout(() => { if (Math.random() < 0.3) { callback(null, "success"); } else { callback(new Error("fail")); } }, 1000); } interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("============我哭了"); } console.log("============我笑了"); });

In the above code, you can solve the problem according to the type of the parameters. to determine whether there is an error! But there are many callback functions in Node.js, and it is impossible for us to judge whether the parameter type is wrong in every function!

Node.js stipulates that the first parameter is erro, and the second parameter is the result! If the first parameter is not empty, there is an error in the asynchronous call!

Problems with asynchronous process control

Callback hell

The situation of multiple asynchronous tasks serially, as follows Let's simulate N rounds of interviews.

function interview(callback) { setTimeout(() => { if (Math.random() < 0.6) { callback(null, "success"); } else { callback(new Error("fail")); } }, 1000); } interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("======第一轮面试======我哭了"); } interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("====第二轮面试========我哭了"); } interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("====第三轮面试========我哭了"); } console.log("三轮面试都成功了！啊哈哈哈！"); }); }); });

You can see that the above asynchronous process has three levels of nesting. This is just a situation where the code is relatively simple! So in actual applications, each nested function may be very complex, which makes it difficult to develop and maintain, and makes people angry when looking at it. This is the so-called ** callback hell **

a

Concurrent situation of multiple asynchronous tasks

function interviewCompay() { let count = 0; interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("====第一家公司面试========我哭了"); } count++; }); interview(function (error) { if (error) { return console.log("====第二家公司面试========我哭了"); } count++; if (count === 2) { return console.log("两家公司面试都成功了！我笑了"); } }); } interviewCompay();

The same variable needs to be added to each asynchronous task to capture the results of multiple asynchronous tasks

Solving the control problem of asynchronous processes

promise
• async await

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