JavaScript separates integers and floating point numbers

JavaScript does not distinguish between integer values and floating point values. All numbers in JavaScript are stored in the form of 64-bit floating point numbers, including integers. For example, 2 and 2.0 are the same number; so pay special attention to the problem of missing progress when performing number operations.

The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, javascript version 1.8.5, Dell G3 computer.

Number number representation method

Number type represents number, JavaScript adopts "double-precision 64-bit format defined by IEEE 754 standard" IEEE 754 values") represent numbers.

Different from other programming languages (such as C and Java),JavaScript does not distinguish between integer values and floating point values. All numbers are represented by floating point values in JavaScript, so when performing numbers Pay special attention to the problem of missing progress when calculating.

0.1 + 0.2 = 0.30000000000000004; 0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3; // false // 浮点运算判断相等 var ACCURACY = 1e-5; //定义精度精确到0.00001 var a = 0.1; var b = 0.2; var sum = 0.3; // 判断相差小于精度就认为相等 if (a + b - sum < ACCURACY) { console.log('a+b == sum'); }

In specific implementations, integer values are usually treated as 32-bit integer variables. In individual implementations (such as some browsers), they are also stored in the form of 32-bit integer variables until it is Used to perform certain operations that are not supported by 32-bit integers. This is to facilitate bit operations.

You can omit 0 to represent decimals, or you can use exponential form to represent numbers

.9; // 0.9 1E3 // 1000 2e6 // 2000000 0.1e2 // 10 1e-5 // 0.00001

Number numbers in different bases

Different bases The representation method

Number can use four numerical systems: decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. Only use integers for non-decimal numbers.

• Binary representation: Starting with zero, followed by a lowercase or uppercase Latin letter B (0b or 0B)
• Octal representation: Starting with 0 . If the number after 0 is not in the range 0 to 7, the number will be converted to a decimal number.
• The use of octal syntax is prohibited in ECMAScript 5 strict mode and will be treated as decimal
• To use octal numbers in ECMAScript 6, you need to add the prefix "0o" to a number
• Hexadecimal notation: starting with zero, followed by a lowercase or uppercase Latin letter X (0x or 0X)

// 十进制 12345678 42 0777 // 在非严格格式下会被当做八进制处理 (用十进制表示就是511) // 二进制 var a = 0b100000; // 32 var b = 0b0111111; // 63 var c = 0B0000111; // 7 // 八进制 var n = 0755; // 493 var m = 0644; // 420 var a = 0o10; // ES6 :八进制 // 十六进制 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF // 295147905179352830000 0x123456789ABCDEF // 81985529216486900 0XA // 10

Conversion of different bases

Hexadecimal conversion mainly uses Number's toString() method or parseInt() method:

• toString() method accepts an integer with a value between 2 and 36 The parameter specifies the base system. The default is decimal. Convert Number to String
• parseInt() The second parameter accepts an integer with a value between 2 and 36. The parameter specifies the base system. The default is decimal. Convert String to For Number

// toString转换，输入为Number，返回为String var n = 120; n.toString(); // "120" n.toString(2); // "1111000" n.toString(8); // "170" n.toString(16); // "78" n.toString(20); // "60" 0x11.toString(); // "17" 0b111.toString(); // "7" 0x11.toString(12);// "15" // parseInt转换，输入为String，返回为Number parseInt('110'); // 110 parseInt('110', 2); // 6 parseInt('110', 8); // 72 parseInt('110', 16); // 272 parseInt('110', 26); // 702 // toString和parseInt结合使用可以在两两进制之间转换 // 将 a 从36进制转为12进制 var a = 'ra'; // 36进制表示的数 parseInt(a, 36).toString(12); // "960"

Number object Number

The Number object is a built-in number object that encapsulates a series of Number-related constants and methods.

var na = Number(8); // 8 na = Number('9.5'); // 9.5 na = new Number('9.3'); // Number 对象，仅可以使用原型方法

Number object properties:

Number对象方法

Number对象方法可以使用 Number. 的形式调用，也可以使用全局调用。

The smallest representable value Specially refers to "non-number" Specifically refers to "negative infinity"; returns upon overflow refers specifically to "positive infinity"; upon overflow, it returns represents 1 and The difference between the smallest Number that is closest to 1 and greater than 1 JavaScript Minimum Safe Integer JavaScript Maximum Safe Integer

Properties	Description
Number.MAX_VALUE	The maximum representable value
##Number.MIN_VALUE
Number.NaN
Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY
Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
Number.EPSILON
Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER
Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER

方法	描述
Number.parseFloat()	把字符串参数解析成浮点数，左右等效于一元运算法+
Number.parseInt()	把字符串解析成特定基数对应的整型数字
Number.isFinite()	判断传递的值是否为有限数字
Number.isInteger()	判断传递的值是否为整数
Number.isNaN()	判断传递的值是否为 NaN
Number.isSafeInteger()	判断传递的值是否为安全整数

parseInt() 方法需要注意：

• parseInt() 参数可以有两个参数：数字字符串和进制
• 如果第一个参数为非指定进制的数字字符串，则结果为0
• 如果第一个参数为非字符串，会首先调用该参数的toString()方法转换为字符串
• 第一个参数中非指定进制可识别的字符会被忽略
• 如果给定的字符串不存在数值形式，函数会返回一个特殊的值 NaN
• 如果调用时没有提供第二个参数，则使用字符串表示的数字的进制

parseInt('123'); // 123 parseInt('123', 10); // 123 parseInt('123', 8); // 83 parseInt('123', 16); // 291 parseInt("11", 2); // 3 parseInt('0x123', 10); // 0 parseInt('0x123', 16); // 291 parseInt('0x123'); // 291 // 如果第一个参数不是字符串，会先把第一个参数转成字符串 parseInt('12', 16); // 18 parseInt(12, 16); // 18 // toString方法会将数字转换为10进制的字符串 parseInt(0xf, 16); // 21 0xf.toString(); // '15' parseInt('15', 16); // 21 parseInt('23.56'); // 23 parseInt("hello", 16); // NaN parseInt("aello", 16); // 174

Number类型原型方法

Number类型原型上还有一些方法来对数字进度进行取舍，这些方法可以被 Number 实例对象调用：

方法	描述
toExponential()	返回一个数字的指数形式的字符串
toFixed()	返回指定小数位数的表示形式
toPrecision()	返回一个指定精度的数字

这些原型方法可以被Number实例对象调用：

var numObj = 12345.6789; numObj.toExponential(); // "1.23456789e+4" numObj.toExponential(2); // "1.23e+4" numObj.toExponential(4); // "1.2346e+4" numObj.toPrecision(); // "12345.6789" numObj.toPrecision(2); // "1.2e+4" numObj.toPrecision(4); // "1.235e+4" numObj.toFixed(); // 返回 "12346"：进行四舍五入，不包括小数部分 numObj.toFixed(1); // 返回 "12345.7"：进行四舍五入 numObj.toFixed(6); // 返回 "12345.678900"：用0填充 (1.23e+20).toFixed(2); // 返回 "123000000000000000000.00" (1.23e-10).toFixed(2); // 返回 "0.00" 2.34.toFixed(1); // 返回 "2.3" -2.34.toFixed(1); // 返回 -2.3 （由于操作符优先级，负数不会返回字符串） (-2.34).toFixed(1); // 返回 "-2.3" （若用括号提高优先级，则返回字符串）

数学对象（Math）

和Number相关的是，JavaScript对象中内置的Math对象，提供了很多数学常数和函数的属性和方法。

属性列表：

属性	描述
Math.E	欧拉常数，也是自然对数的底数, 约等于 2.718
Math.LN2	2的自然对数, 约等于0.693
Math.LN10	10的自然对数, 约等于 2.303
Math.LOG2E	以2为底E的对数, 约等于 1.443
Math.LOG10E	以10为底E的对数, 约等于 0.434
Math.PI	圆周率，一个圆的周长和直径之比，约等于 3.14159
Math.SQRT2	2的平方根,约等于 1.414
Math.SQRT1_2	1/2的平方根, 约等于 0.707

The trigonometric function sin and other parameters in Math are radians. If it is an angle, you can use it (Math.PI / 180)

Returns the absolute value of x Returns the sign function of x to determine whether x is a positive number, a negative number or 0 Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1 ##Math.floor(x) ##Math.ceil(x) Math.round(x) Math.fromround(x) Math.trunc(x) Math.sqrt(x) Math.cbrt(x) Math. hypot([x[,y[,…]]]) Math.pow(x ,y) min(), max() Returns a number separated by commas The smaller or larger value in the argument list (respectively) sin(), cos(), tan() Standard trigonometric functions; arguments are in radians asin(), acos(), atan(), atan2() Inverse trigonometric function; return value is radians sinh(), cosh(), tanh() Hyperbolic trigonometric function; the return value is radians. Inverse hyperbolic trigonometric function; the return value is radians. Exponential and logarithmic functions [Related recommendations: javascript learning tutorial

Method	Description
##Math.abs(x)
Math.sign(x)
Math .random()
Return the value of x after rounding up
Return the value of x after rounding up
Returns the rounded integer.
Returns the nearest single-precision floating point representation of a number
Return the integer part of x, removing the decimal number
Return the square root of x
Returns the cube root of x
Returns the square root of the sum of the squares of its parameters
Returns the y power of x
	##asinh(), acosh(), atanh()
	pow(), exp(), expm1(), log10(), log1p( ), log2()

]

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