Deep dive into mongoose tools in Nodejs

This article will give you a detailed introduction to Nodejs mongoose. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Mongoose is an object model tool for convenient operation of mongodb in the nodejs environment. This article introduces the decryption (translation) Mongoose plug-in.

Schema

We will talk about Schema at the beginning. A Schema corresponds to the collection of mongodb (equivalent to SQL table), and defines its structure.

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var Schema = mongoose.Schema;
//定义一个博客结构
var blogSchema = new Schema({
    title:  String,
    author: String,
    body:   String,
    comments: [{ body: String, date: Date }],
    date: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
    hidden: Boolean,
    meta: {
      votes: Number,
      favs:  Number
    }
  });

Schema Available Types:

.String (ex: 'ABCD')

.Number (ex: 123)

.Date (ex: new Date)

.Buffer (ex: new Buffer(0))

.Boolean (ex: false)

.Schema.Types.Mixed (ex: {any :{thing:'ok'}})

.Schema.Types.ObjectId (ex:new mongoose.Types.ObjectID)

.Array (ex:[1,2,3] )

.Schema.Types.Decimal128

.Map (ex: new Map([['key','value']]))

We can pass a section Code to convert Schema into Model: mongoose.model(modelName,Schema)

var Blog = mongoose.model('Blog', blogSchema);

is assigned to the Schema method. When the method is converted to Model, the method will be assigned to the Model

//创建一个变量，Schema
var animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });

//将方法赋予这个Schema
animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) {
    return this.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb);
};

var Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);
var dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' });

dog.findSimilarTypes(function(err, dogs) {
    console.log(dogs); // woof
});

in the Schema method. Here, don't use arrow functions, which will rebind this.

Give Schema static (static) method, we continue to use the above example:

//赋予静态方法，可以再Model不实例化的情况下调用
animalSchema.statics.findByName = function(name, cb) {
    return this.find({ name: new RegExp(name, 'i') }, cb);
};

var Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);
Animal.findByName('fido', function(err, animals) {
    console.log(animals);
});

Schema index index

MongoDB supports secondary indexes, in mongoose, we can index Set at the Schema layer.

var animalSchema = new Schema({
    name: String,
    type: String,
    tags: { type: [String], index: true } // 声明在字段层
});

animalSchema.index({ name: 1, type: -1 }); // 声明在schema层

When using index (secondary index), remember to disable Mongodb's autoIndex.

mongoose.connect('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port/database', { autoIndex: false });
  // 或者
mongoose.createConnection('mongodb://user:pass@localhost:port/database', { autoIndex: false });
  // 或者
animalSchema.set('autoIndex', false);
  // 或者
new Schema({..}, { autoIndex: false });

Virtualization

// 声明一个Schema
var personSchema = new Schema({
    name: {
      first: String,
      last: String
    }
});

// 转成Model
var Person = mongoose.model('Person', personSchema);

// 实例化Model
var axl = new Person({
    name: { first: 'Axl', last: 'Rose' }
});

//1.如果我们想要打印Person的姓名
console.log(axl.name.first + ' ' + axl.name.last); // Axl Rose

//2.使用虚拟化，我们声明一个虚拟字段，然后通过get给其赋值
personSchema.virtual('fullName').get(function () {
  return this.name.first + ' ' + this.name.last;
});
console.log(axl.fullName); // Axl Rose

Alias

var personSchema = new Schema({
  n: {
    type: String,
    // 给予 n 别名 name，n与name指向同一个值
    alias: 'name'
  }
});

// 修改name同样修改n，方向一样
var person = new Person({ name: 'Val' });
console.log(person); // { n: 'Val' }
console.log(person.toObject({ virtuals: true })); // { n: 'Val', name: 'Val' }
console.log(person.name); // "Val"

person.name = 'Not Val';
console.log(person); // { n: 'Not Val' }

Model & Documents

Add

var Tank = mongoose.model('Tank', yourSchema);

var small = new Tank({ size: 'small' });
//使用save的方法
small.save(function (err) {
  if (err) return handleError(err);
  // saved!
});

// 或者 使用create

Tank.create({ size: 'small' }, function (err, small) {
  if (err) return handleError(err);
  // saved!
});

// 或者 使用insertMany/insertOne
Tank.insertMany([{ size: 'small' }], function(err) {

});

Delete

//deleteOne 或者 deleteMany
Tank.deleteOne({ size: 'large' }, function (err) {
  if (err) return handleError(err);
  // 只删掉符合项的第一条
});

Change

Tank.updateOne({ size: 'large' }, { name: 'T-90' }, function(err, res) {

});

// findOneAndUpdate 查找出相应的数据，修改，并返还给程序

Check

// 查提供了多种方式，find，findById,findOne,和where
Tank.find({ size: 'small' }).where('createdDate').gt(oneYearAgo).exec(callback);

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