How to compile go language program

Method for compiling go language program: 1. Execute the "go build fileName" command in the command line tool, which will compile the program code into a binary executable file; 2. Execute "go" in the command line tool run fileName" command, it will run the Go language program directly after compilation.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, GO version 1.18, Dell G3 computer.

Go language is a compiled static language (the same as C language), so before running a Go language program, it must be compiled into a binary executable file.

You can compile Go language programs through thego buildorgo runcommands provided by Go language:

• # The ##go buildcommand can compile the Go language program code into a binary executable file, but we need to manually run the binary file;

• go run## The # command is more convenient. It will run the Go language program directly after compilation. A temporary file will be generated during the compilation process, but an executable file will not be generated. This feature is very suitable for debugging programs.

We can directly use the command line tool that comes with Windows (also called CMD window or command prompt) to compile Go language programs. Microsoft later upgraded the command line tool and renamed it Powershell. Power means more powerful.

There are many ways to open command line tools. The following are two of the more commonly used ones:

You can open the command line tool in the start menu, and then cd Go to the directory where the Go source files are located.
You can also hold down the Shift key and right-click the mouse in a blank space of the directory where the Go source file is located, and then select "Open command line window here" or "Open command line window here" in the pop-up menu Open the Powershell window here", which will automatically cd to the directory where the Go source file is located, as shown in the figure below. This method is more convenient and is recommended for everyone to use.

Tip: cd is a command of the command line tool, used to change the current directory, and is the abbreviation of change directory.

go build commandThe go build command is used to start compilation. The Go language program and related dependencies are compiled into an executable file with the following syntax format.

go build fileName

where fileName is the required parameter, which can be one or more Go source file names (when there are multiple parameters, you need to use spaces to separate two adjacent parameters), or you can omit them. Write.

When using the go build command to compile, the execution results of different parameters are also different.

1) When the parameter is not empty

If fileName is the name of all source files under the same main package (there may be one or more), the compiler will Generate an executable file with the same name as the first fileName (for example, executing go build abc.go def.go... will generate an abc.exe file); if fileName is a source file name under a non-main package, the compiler will Only syntax checking is performed on the package and no executable file is generated.

2) When the parameter is empty

If the main package exists in the current directory, a "directory name.exe" with the same name as the current directory name will be generated. Execution file (for example, when the go build command is executed in the hello directory, the hello.exe file will be generated); if the main package does not exist, only the syntax check of the program source code in the current directory will be performed, and no executable file will be generated.

Use the

go build

command to compile the program we wrote in the previous section. The running results are as follows:

D:\code> go build .\demo.go D:\code> .\demo.exe Hello World!

where

D:\code>

corresponds to the current directory, which is the code folder under the D drive. It is automatically added by the command line tool and is not part of the compilation command.Line 1

go build

In the parameters after the command,.\represents the current directory. In Windows systems, the current directory is represented by.\; in Unix-like systems (such as Linux, MacOS, etc.), the current directory is represented by./.

Note that

.\

can be omitted in the go build command here, and it will not affect compilation.

In addition, the

go build

command will only return information if there is an error in execution. If the execution is successful, no information will be returned, but a file with The.exeexecutable file with the same name as the main package file is shown in the figure below.

.\demo.exe

in line 2 means to execute the demo.exe program in the current directory.Line 3 is the result of running the demo.exe program.

go run command

除了使用go build命令外，Go语言还为我们提供了go run命令，go run命令将编译和执行指令合二为一，会在编译之后立即执行Go语言程序，但是不会生成可执行文件。

go run命令的语法格式如下：

go run fileName

其中fileName为所需要的参数，参数必须是同一 main 包下的所有源文件名，并且不能为空。

使用go run命令对我们上一节编写的程序进行编译，运行结果如下所示：

D:\code> go run demo.go Hello World!

可以看到第 1 行的go run命令执行后，直接在第 2 行输出了程序的运行结果。

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