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Go language can do web. Go can efficiently scale horizontally by setting up proxies on multiple Go web applications; the Go language provides web application testing tools that can simulate a web server and record the response generated by the server.
The operating environment of this tutorial: windows10 system, GO 1.11.2, thinkpad t480 computer.
Web Introduction
Web applications are everywhere in our lives. If you look at the applications we use every day, they are either web applications or variations of web applications such as mobile apps. No matter which programming language, as long as it can develop software that interacts with humans, it will inevitably support Web application development. For a new programming language, one of the first things its developers have to do is to build libraries and frameworks that interact with the Internet and the World Wide Web, and those that are more mature The programming language will also have a variety of web development tools.
Go is a budding language that was created to allow people to write back end systems simply and efficiently. The language has numerous advanced features and pays close attention to programmer productivity and various speed-related matters. Like other languages, Go language also provides support for web programming.
This section of the experiment will list some advantages of using Go to write web applications and introduce some basic knowledge about web applications.
Building Web Applications Using the Go Language
Go is a relatively young programming language that has a prosperous and still growing history. community, and it's also great for writing server-side programs that need to run quickly. Because the Go language provides many features of a procedural programming language, programmers with experience in using procedural programming languages should be familiar with Go. However, at the same time, the Go language also provides features of functional programming. In addition to built-in support for concurrent programming, the Go language has a modern package management system, garbage collection features, and a comprehensive and powerful set of standard libraries.
Although Go's own standard library is already very rich and ambitious, Go still has many high-quality open source libraries that can supplement the deficiencies of the standard library.
Using Go language for web development is becoming increasingly popular, and many companies have begun to use Go, including infrastructure companies like Dropbox and SendGrid, technology-driven companies like Square and Hailo, and even Traditional companies like the BBC and the New York Times.
In terms of developing large-scale web applications, the Go language provides a different but practical solution from existing languages and platforms. Large-scale scalable web applications usually need to have the following characteristics:
Scalable
Large-scale web applications should be scalable, which means that the application manager It should be possible to easily and quickly improve the performance of your application to handle more requests. If an application is scalable, it is linear, meaning that the application manager can gain greater request-handling capabilities by adding more hardware.
There are two ways to expand performance:
Because the Go language has excellent concurrent programming support, it has good performance in vertical expansion: a Go web application only needs to use one operating system thread (OS thread). Efficiently run hundreds of thousands of goroutines through scheduling.
Like other web applications, Go can also be efficiently scaled horizontally by setting up proxies on multiple Go web applications. Because Go web applications are compiled into static binaries that do not contain any dynamic dependencies, we can distribute these files to systems that do not have the Go language installed, thereby deploying Go web applications in a simple and consistent way.
Modularization
Large-scale web applications should be composed of replaceable components. This approach can make it easier for developers to add, move Remove or modify features to better meet the changing needs of the program. In addition, another benefit of this approach is that it allows developers to reduce the cost of software development by reusing modular components.
Although Go is a statically typed language, users can describe behavior through its interface mechanism to achieve dynamic type matching (dynamic typing). Go language functions can accept interfaces as parameters, which means that users can introduce new code into the system while continuing to use existing code as long as they implement the methods required by the interface. At the same time, because all types in the Go language implement the empty interface, users only need to create a function that accepts the empty interface as a parameter, and any type of value can be used as the actual parameter of the function. In addition, the Go language also implements some features that are very common in functional programming, including function types, using functions as values, and closures. These features allow users to use existing functions to build new functions, thereby helping users build Produce more modular code.
The Go language is also often used to create microservices. In a microservices architecture, large applications are often composed of multiple smaller independent services that are often interchangeable and organized according to their respective functions. For example, logging services will be classified as system-level services, while services such as billing and risk analysis will be classified as application-level services. Creating multiple smaller Go services and combining them into a single web application allows us to replace services in the application when necessary, and the entire web application becomes more modular.
Maintainable
Like other large and complex applications, it has an easy-to-maintain code base (codebase) for large-scale Web It is also very important for applications. This is because large-scale applications usually continue to grow and evolve, so developers need to review and modify the code frequently. Modifying difficult and clumsy code takes a lot of time, and may implicitly cause some problems. Risk of functionality not functioning properly. Therefore, it is crucial for developers to ensure that the source code is organized in an appropriate manner and maintainable.
The design of the Go language encourages good software engineering practices, with a concise and highly readable syntax and a flexible and clear package management system. In addition, the Go language has a set of excellent tools that not only enhance programmers' development experience, but also help them write more readable code, such as source code that formats Go code in a standardized way. The code formatter gofmt is one example.
Because the Go language hopes that documentation can evolve with the code, its documentation tool godoc will perform syntax analysis on the Go source code and its comments, and then create the corresponding document in HTML, plain text, or other formats. document. The use of godoc is very simple. Developers only need to write documents into the source code, and godoc will extract these documents and their associated codes and generate corresponding document files.
In addition, Go also has built-in support for testing: the gotest tool will automatically find test code in the same package as the source code and run the functional tests and performance tests in it. . The Go language also provides web application testing tools, which can simulate a web server and record the response generated by the server.
High performance
High performance not only means being able to handle a large number of requests in a short time, but also means that the server can quickly respond to the client respond and enable end users to perform actions quickly.
One of the design goals of the Go language is to provide performance close to that of the C language. Although this goal has not yet been achieved, the performance of the Go language is now very competitive: Go programs will be compiled into native code (native code), this generally means that Go programs can run faster than interpreted language programs, and as mentioned earlier, Go language goroutine provides very good support for concurrent programming, which allows Go applications to run at the same time. Handle multiple requests.
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