Microprocessor is a central processing unit composed of one or a few large-scale integrated circuits; microprocessor consists of arithmetic logic unit, accumulator and general register group, program counter, timing and control logic components, It is composed of data and address latches/buffers and internal buses; the microprocessor can complete operations such as fetching instructions, executing instructions, and exchanging information with external memory and logic components. It is the operation control part of the microcomputer. It can communicate with the memory and Peripheral circuit chips form a microcomputer.
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What is a microprocessor?
Microprocessor is a central processing unit composed of one or a few large-scale integrated circuits. These circuits perform the functions of control components and arithmetic logic components.
The microprocessor can complete operations such as fetching instructions, executing instructions, and exchanging information with external memory and logic components. It is the computing control part of the microcomputer. It can be combined with memory and peripheral circuit chips to form a microcomputer.
How many parts does a microprocessor consist of?
The microprocessor consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU, Arithmetic Logical Unit), accumulator and general register group, program counter (also called instruction indicator), timing and control logic components, data and address Composed of latch/buffer and internal bus. The operator and controller are its main components. tGPT Registration Detailed Guide｜Graphic Tutorial
Internal Structure
The 16-bit microprocessor (8086 microprocessor in the picture) can be divided into two parts, one part is The execution unit (EU) is the part that executes instructions; the other part is the bus interface unit (BIU), which contacts the 8086 bus and executes the operation of fetching instructions from the memory. After the microprocessor is divided into EU and BIU, the operations of fetching instructions and executing instructions can be overlapped. The EU part has a register file, consisting of eight 16-bit registers, which can be used to store data, index and stack pointers, the arithmetic operation logic unit (ALU) to perform arithmetic operations and logical operations, and the flag register to store the conditions of the results of these operations. These components in the execution unit transfer data through the data bus. The bus interface component also has a register file, where CS, DS, SS, and ES are segmented registers that store space segments. IP is the instruction pointer. The internal communication register is also a register that temporarily stores data. The instruction queue stores the instruction stream fetched in advance. The bus interface component also has an address adder, which adds the segment register value and the offset value to obtain a 20-bit physical address. Data and address are connected with the external 8086 system bus through bus control logic. The 8086 has a 16-bit data bus. When transmitting data between the processor and the external chip, 16-bit binary numbers are transmitted in one session. The 8086 has a primary pipeline structure that can overlap on-chip operations with off-chip operations.
Classification of microprocessors
According to the application fields of microprocessors, microprocessors can be roughly divided into three categories: general-purpose high-performance microprocessors, embedded microprocessors Processors and digital signal processors, microcontrollers. Generally speaking, general-purpose processors pursue high performance and are used to run general-purpose software and are equipped with complete and complex operating systems; embedded microprocessors emphasize high performance in handling specific application problems and are mainly used to run special programs for specific fields. Equipped with a lightweight operating system, it is mainly used in consumer appliances such as cellular phones and CD players. Microcontrollers are relatively low-priced and have the largest demand in the microprocessor market. They are mainly used in automobiles, air conditioners, automatic machinery and other fields. automatic control equipment.
CPU is the abbreviation of Central Processing Unit (Central Microprocessor). It is the most important part of the computer and consists of arithmetic units and controllers. If a computer is compared to a human being, then the CPU is the human brain. CPUs have developed very rapidly. It only took twenty-one years for personal computers to develop from the 8088 (XT) to the Pentium 4 era.
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