Unix is not an application software. Unix is a time-sharing operating system that appeared in the early 1970s. In addition to being a network operating system, it can also be used as a stand-alone operating system. The unix operating system is mainly used in fields such as engineering applications and scientific computing.
#The operating environment of this tutorial: Unix system, Dell G3 computer.
Unix is an operating system that appeared in the early 1970s. In addition to being a network operating system, it can also be used as a stand-alone operating system. Unix is widely used as a development platform and desktop operating system, and is currently mainly used in fields such as engineering applications and scientific computing.
The UNIX system is a time-sharing system. The earliest UNIX system came out in 1970. Previously, there were only operating systems for batch jobs, which were too slow for users who needed immediate responses. In the late 1960s, both Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie participated in the design of the interactive time-sharing system Multics, and the tool used to develop the system was CTSS. Both systems had a major impact on the development of operating systems. On this basis, in the process of refining and developing the existing technology at the time, K. Thompson developed the UNIX system on a small computer in 1969 and put it into operation in 1970.
UNIX system occupies an important position in the history of the development of computer operating systems. It has indeed continued to meticulously, carefully and selectively inherit and transform existing technologies, and has made some progress in the overall design concept of the operating system, which has made it such a great success. The main characteristics of the UNIX system are reflected in the following aspects:
(1) The UNIX system is structurally divided into two parts: the core program (kernel) and the peripheral program (shell), and the two are organically combined into a whole. The core part is responsible for the functions of each module within the system, namely processor and process management, storage management, device management and file system. The core program is characterized by careful design, conciseness and leanness. It only takes up a small space and is resident in the memory to ensure the high efficiency of the system. The peripheral part includes the system's user interface, system utilities and applications, through which users use the computer.
(2) The UNIX system provides a good user interface, which is easy to use, fully functional, clear and flexible, and easy to expand and modify. There are two forms of use of the UNIX system: one is the operating command, that is, the shell language, which is the interface through which users can interact with the system through the terminal; the other is the interface for user programs, which is not only in assembly language, but also in Provide services to users in C language.
(3) The file system of UNIX system is a tree structure. It consists of a basic file system and several removable sub-file systems, which can not only expand file storage space, but also facilitate security and confidentiality.
(4) The UNIX system handles files, file directories and devices in a unified manner. It treats files as character streams without any records for sequential or random access, and enables files, file directories and devices to have the same syntax and semantics and the same protection mechanism, which not only simplifies the system design, but also facilitates user use.
(5) The UNIX system contains a very rich set of language processing programs, utility programs and tool software for software development, providing users with a fairly complete software development environment.
(6) Most of the programs in the UNIX system are programmed in C language, and only about 5% of the programs are programmed in assembly language. C language is a high-level programming language, which makes UNIX systems easy to understand, modify and expand, and has very good portability.
(7) The UNIX system also provides simple communication functions between processes.
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