Computers are classified according to the form of data processing, and can be divided into: 1. Digital computers, which are electronic computers that perform calculations and store values in digital form inside the machine; 2. Analog computers, which are based on the principle of similarity , a computer that uses a continuously changing analog quantity as the object to be calculated; 3. Hybrid computer.
Computers are classified according to the form of data processing and can be divided into: digital computers, analog computers and hybrid computers.
Analog computer
Analog computer is a computer that uses a continuously changing analog quantity as the object of operation based on the principle of similarity. Analog computers use electronic circuits as their basic computing components. It consists of computing components, control components, question setting boards, input and output devices, etc. The concept of simulation is included in the solution using the principle of similarity, so it is called an analog computer. It is based on parallel computing and has fast calculation speed. It appropriately combines arithmetic units with fixed functions, so the program is relatively simple, but the flexibility of problem-solving is relatively poor.
Analog electronic computers have poor accuracy in processing problems; all processing processes require analog circuits to realize, the circuit structure is complex, and the ability to resist external interference is extremely poor.
Digital computer
An electronic digital computer is an electronic computer that performs calculations and stores numerical values inside the machine. Numbers are often expressed in binary. It consists of arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input and output devices, input and output channels, etc. According to the main performance indicators, it is divided into small computers and microcomputers.
Electronic digital computers are famous for their fast computing speed, high calculation accuracy, large amount of information storage, high degree of automation, and ability to make logical judgments. It can not only be used for numerical calculation and data processing, but also for automatic control and information processing. Electronic digital computers have been widely used in atomic energy, nuclear weapons, missiles, space technology, aviation, metallurgy, chemical industry, petroleum, machinery, water conservancy, electricity, transportation, meteorology, textiles, health and other departments
Hybrid computer
Hybrid computer (hybrid computer) is a computer system that combines analog computers and digital computers for system simulation. Hybrid computers emerged in the 1970s. At that time, digital computers operated serially, with limited operating speed but high precision; analog computers operated in parallel, with high operating speed but low precision. Combining the two can complement each other's strengths, so hybrid computers are mainly suitable for simulations of complex systems that strictly require real-time performance. For example, in missile system simulation, the continuously changing attitude dynamics model is implemented by an analog computer, while navigation and orbit calculations are implemented by a digital computer.
Features:
The connection system is sometimes combined with an analog computer and is called a hybrid analog computer. In addition to the computing components of a general analog computer, it also adds logic components ( Such as AND gate, OR gate, NOT gate, flip-flop, register, counter), as well as high-speed digital-to-analog converter and high-speed analog-to-digital converter, etc. Their outputs and inputs are connected to an additional digital programming board. With the continuous development of electronic technology, hybrid computers are mainly used in real-time complex large systems such as aerospace and missile systems.
Hybrid computers have the characteristics of both digital computers and analog computers: fast computing speed, high calculation accuracy, strong logic and storage capabilities, large storage capacity and strong simulation capabilities.
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