What is the vim command?

The vim command is a rich text editor and an extended version of the vi editor. It can be used to edit various texts, especially programs. It has many advantages compared with vi and can be used multiple times. Undo, you can open multiple windows at the same time for editing, syntax highlighting, command line editing, online help, visual selection, and more.

vim introduction

vim is a rich text editor and an extended version of the vi editor. It can Used to edit various texts, especially editing programs

It has many advantages compared with vi. It can be undone multiple times, can open multiple windows for editing at the same time, syntax highlighting, command line editing, Online help, visual selection, etc.

Basic vim operations

Open file

vim filename
#example : 使用vim编辑器打开a.txt文件
vim a.txt

If filename is empty, an empty file will be opened

vim [options] [filelist] The left and right square brackets represent sets, which means there can be multiple options and multiple lists

Five modes of vim

• Normal mode: This is the most basic mode. You can return to normal mode by clicking Esc in any of the following modes

• Insert mode: In In this mode, you can enter a string through the keyboard. In normal mode, press i, a, or o to enter the insert mode. i means inserting from the character before the current cursor, and a means starting from the character after the current cursor. Start inserting, o means inserting from the next line under the current cursor

• Visual mode: Visual mode can select text, and then facilitate copying, pasting and other operations. In normal mode Only one character can be selected at the same time, so it is more inconvenient if you want to delete multiple characters or multi-line characters---of course there are commands to solve this problem in normal mode, but it is a bit more complicated than visual mode. In normal mode, press v to enter visual mode, press V to enter visual row mode, and press Crtl v to enter visual block mode. You can easily find the difference between these three visual modes by practicing the following. In addition, in visual mode, you can also use v, V, Crtl v to switch between the three visual modes

• Replacement mode: Press R in normal mode to enter replacement mode, Starting from the current cursor position, the characters entered on the keyboard will replace the existing characters in the text

• Last line mode: Press: and / to enter the last line mode, use / to enter the last line The mode is mainly used to find strings. It is explained in detail below

Detailed explanation of necessary commands in normal mode

h    #左移一个字符
l    #右移一个字符
j    #下移一行
k    #上移一行
dd    #删除一整行
x    #删除光标所在字符
u    #删除字符后撤销
yy    #复制当前行
#以上所有所有字符都可以在前面加数字，代表左移n个字符，又移n的字符，复制n行等...
p    #进行粘贴操作
 
 
0    #移动到行首
g0    #移动到当前屏幕的行首
H    #把光标移动到屏幕最顶端的一行
M    #把光标移动到屏幕中间一行
L    #把光标移动到屏幕最底端的一行
gg    #移动到文件的头部
G    #移动到文件的尾部
 
crtl + f    #下翻一屏
crtl + b    #上翻一屏
crtl + d    #下翻半屏
crtl + u    #上翻半屏
n%    #到文件n%的位置
zz    #将当前行移动到屏幕中央
zt    #将当前行移动到屏幕顶端
zb    #将当前行移动到屏幕底端

The last line mode is commonly used Detailed explanation of commands

:q    #退出当前文件且不保存，q为quit缩写
:q!    #强制退出当前文件
:w    #保存当前文件，w为write的缩写
:w！    #对于只读文件可强制保存更改
:wq    #保存并退出
 
:r filename    #在当前位置插入令一个文件
:r !date    #在当前位置插入当前日期
:r !command    #在当前位置插入其他shell命令的输出结果
 
:% s/目标字符/替换字符/g    #将目标字符替换为 替换字符 最后的g代表全局替换,%代表所有行
% s/目标字符/替换字符/gic    #将目标字符替换为 替换字符 ，%代表所有行，最后的g代表全局替换,i代表忽视大小写，c代表每个替换都需要用户确认才可以
:1,4 s/目标字符/替换字符/g    #将第一行到第四行的 目标字符替换为 替换字符
 
/string    :在后面的文本中查找字符串

Detailed explanation of commonly used commands in visual mode

d    #删除选中的字符
y    #复制选中的字符
p    #粘贴选中的字符

Related learning recommendations: linux video tutorial

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