The five components of a GIS system are: hardware, software, data, personnel and methods. Hardware refers to all computer resources required to operate GIS; software refers to various programs necessary for GIS operation; data is the most basic component of GIS application systems; GIS requires people to organize, manage, maintain and update data, etc.; Method refers to the application model.
Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System or Geo-Information system, GIS) is sometimes called "geographic information system". It is a specific and very important spatial information system. It is a technical system supported by computer hardware and software systems to collect, store, manage, calculate, analyze, display and describe relevant geographical distribution data in the entire or part of the earth's surface (including the atmosphere) space.
Location and geographical information are both the core and the foundation of LBS. A simple longitude and latitude coordinate can only be recognized and understood by users after it is placed in specific geographical information and represented as a certain location, landmark, or orientation. After users obtain location information through related technologies, they also need to understand their geographical environment, query and analyze environmental information, so as to provide information support and services for user activities.
Geographic Information System (GIS, Geographic Information System) is a comprehensive discipline that combines geography and cartography, remote sensing and computer science. It has been widely used in different fields and is used for input and storage. A computer system that queries, analyzes and displays geographic data. With the development of GIS, GIS is also called "Geographic Information Science". In recent years, GIS is also called "Geographic Information Service". . GIS is a computer-based tool that allows the analysis and processing of spatial information (in short, the mapping and analysis of phenomena and events that occur on Earth). GIS technology integrates the unique visualization and geographical analysis capabilities of maps with general database operations (such as queries and statistical analysis, etc.).
The application system of GIS system consists of five main parts, namely hardware, software, data, personnel and methods.
(1)Hardware. The hardware of the GIS system refers to all computer resources required to operate GIS. In addition to computers, a typical GIS hardware system also includes digitizers, scanners, plotters, tape drives and other external devices.
(2)Software. Software refers to various programs necessary for GIS operation, providing functions and tools for storing, analyzing and displaying geographical information. GIS software consists of computer system software, geographic information system tools or geographic information system utility software, and applications.
(3)Data. Data is the most basic component of a GIS application system. Data includes spatial data and attribute data.
(4) Personnel. GIS requires people to carry out system organization, management, maintenance and data updating, system expansion and improvement, and application development, and uses spatial analysis models to extract a variety of information.
(5)Method. The method here refers to the application model. It is an expression of laws summarized on the basis of extensive research on specific objects and processes in the professional field. GIS applications use these models to analyze and synthesize large amounts of spatial data to solve practical problems. Such as GIS-based mineral resource evaluation model, disaster evaluation model, etc.
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