The security holes that belong to the operating system itself are: the "backdoor" that exists in the operating system itself. A vulnerability is a flaw in the specific implementation of hardware, software, protocols, or system security policies that allows an attacker to access or damage the system without authorization.
Vulnerabilities are flaws in the specific implementation of hardware, software, protocols, or system security policies, which allow attackers to gain unauthorized access to Access or damage the system. Specific examples include logic errors in Intel Pentium chips, programming errors in early versions of Sendmail, weaknesses in the authentication method in the NFS protocol, and improper configuration problems when Unix system administrators set up anonymous Ftp services. May be used by attackers to threaten system security. Therefore, these can be considered as security vulnerabilities in the system.
Vulnerability refers to a weakness or flaw in a system, the system's susceptibility to a specific threat attack or dangerous event, or the possibility of a threat acting as an attack. Vulnerabilities may come from defects in the design of application software or operating systems or errors in coding. They may also come from design defects or unreasonable logic flows in the business interaction process. These defects, errors or unreasonableness may be exploited intentionally or unintentionally, thereby adversely affecting an organization's assets or operations, such as information systems being attacked or controlled, important information being stolen, user data being tampered with, and systems being used as A springboard to invade other host systems. Judging from the vulnerabilities discovered so far, there are far more vulnerabilities in application software than in operating systems. In particular, vulnerabilities in WEB application systems account for the vast majority of information system vulnerabilities.
1. The relationship between the vulnerability and the specific system environment and its time-related characteristics
The vulnerability will affect a wide range of software and hardware equipment, including the operating system itself and its supporting software, network client and server software, network routers and security firewalls, etc. In other words, different security vulnerabilities may exist in these different software and hardware devices. Different types of software and hardware devices, different versions of the same device, different systems composed of different devices, and the same system under different settings will have different security vulnerabilities.
The vulnerability issue is closely related to time. From the day a system is released, as users use it in-depth, the vulnerabilities in the system will be continuously exposed. These vulnerabilities discovered earlier will also be continuously patched by patch software released by the system supplier, or released in the future. corrected in the new version of the system. While the new version of the system corrects the loopholes in the old version, it will also introduce some new loopholes and errors. Therefore, as time goes by, old vulnerabilities will continue to disappear and new vulnerabilities will continue to appear. Vulnerability problems will also persist for a long time.
Therefore, it is meaningless to discuss vulnerability issues without specific time and specific system environment. Possible vulnerabilities and possible solutions can only be discussed in detail based on the actual environment such as the operating system version of the target system, the software version running on it, and the service running settings.
At the same time, it should be noted that research on vulnerability issues must track the latest developments in the latest computer systems and their security issues. This is similar to the study of the development of computer viruses. If you cannot keep track of new technologies at work, you will have no say in talking about system security vulnerabilities, and even the work you have done before will gradually lose value.
2. The harm and prevention of vulnerabilities
The existence of vulnerabilities can easily lead to the intrusion of hackers and the residence of viruses, which can lead to data loss and tampering, and privacy leaks. Even monetary losses, such as: the website is invaded due to vulnerabilities, website user data will be leaked, website functions may be damaged and suspended, and the server itself may be controlled by the intruder. With the current development of digital products, vulnerabilities have extended from computers as the carrier to digital platforms in the past, such as mobile phone QR code vulnerabilities, Android application vulnerabilities, etc...
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