The performance of the microcomputer hardware system mainly depends on the "microprocessor". A microprocessor is a central processing unit integrated on a medium- to large-scale integrated circuit chip. It can complete operations such as fetching instructions, executing instructions, and exchanging information with external memory and logic components. It is the computing control part of a microcomputer.
# A microprocessor is a central processing unit integrated on a medium- to large-scale integrated circuit chip. These circuits perform the functions of control components and arithmetic logic components. The performance of a microcomputer hardware system mainly depends on the microprocessor.
The microprocessor can complete operations such as fetching instructions, executing instructions, and exchanging information with external memory and logic components. It is the computing control part of the microcomputer. It can be combined with memory and peripheral circuit chips to form a microcomputer.
Compared with traditional central processing units, microprocessors have the advantages of small size, light weight and easy modularization. The basic components of a microprocessor are: register file, arithmetic unit, timing control circuit, and data and address bus.
Since humans invented the transistor in 1947, semiconductor technology has experienced several generations such as silicon transistors, integrated circuits, very large scale integrated circuits, and very large scale integrated circuits in more than 50 years. The development speed is unprecedented in other industries. . Semiconductor technology has had a wide-ranging impact on the entire society, so it is called the "seed of the industry." The central processing unit refers to the component inside the computer that processes data and controls the processing process. With the rapid development of large-scale integrated circuit technology, chip integration density is getting higher and higher. The CPU can be integrated on a semiconductor chip. This kind of Large-scale integrated circuit devices with central processing unit functions are collectively referred to as "microprocessors". It should be noted that the microprocessor itself is not the same as a microcomputer, but only the central processing unit of the microcomputer.
Microprocessors are everywhere. Whether they are video recorders, smart washing machines, mobile phones and other home appliances, or car engine controls, CNC machine tools, missile precision guidance, etc., all types of microprocessors must be embedded in them. . Microprocessors are not only the core components of microcomputers, but also key components of various digital smart devices. International high-end computing systems such as ultra-high-speed supercomputers and mainframe computers are also built using a large number of general-purpose high-performance microprocessors.
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