The most direct reason why computers can automatically work according to people's intentions is because of the use of stored program control. The basic idea that electronic computers can work quickly, automatically, and accurately according to people's intentions is mainly stored programs and program control.
The most direct reason why computers can automatically work according to people's intentions is because of the use of stored program control.
Stored program control is stored program and program control. The program is input into the computer and stored in the internal memory (storage principle). When running, the controller presses the address The instructions stored in the internal memory are sequentially retrieved (instructions are accessed in address order), then the instructions are analyzed, and the function of the instruction is executed. When a transfer instruction is encountered, the transfer address is transferred, and the instructions are accessed in address order (program control).
The basic idea that electronic computers can work quickly, automatically, and accurately according to people's intentions is mainly stored programs and program control. This idea was proposed by von Neumann in 1946.
In the mid-1930s, von Neumann boldly proposed to abandon the decimal system and adopt binary as the basis of the number system for digital computers. At the same time, he also said that calculation programs are pre-programmed, and then the computer performs numerical calculations according to the calculation sequence set by people in advance.
Von Neumann and his colleagues designed a complete prototype of a modern computer and determined the five major components and basic working methods of a stored program computer. This design idea of von Neumann is hailed as a milestone in the history of computer development and marks the true beginning of the computer era.
Von Neumann successfully applied his theory to the design of computers. The computer built based on this principle is called the von Neumann structure computer, the world's first von Neumann computer. The Mann-type computer was EDSAC developed by Cambridge University in 1949, which absorbed von Neumann's design ideas. Due to his outstanding contribution to modern computer technology, von Neumann is also known as the "Father of Computers". The principle of program control is also called the von Neumann principle.
Working Principle
First, the program and data are sent into the memory through the input and output devices. General memory is divided into many storage units, each storage unit has an address number, so that programs and data are stored in a certain order, and the memory is also divided into several areas, such as a dedicated program storage area and a dedicated storage area. The data area of the data. Secondly, to execute the program, you must start from the first instruction and execute it one by one.
Under normal circumstances, the addresses are executed in order from small to large. When a conditional transfer instruction is encountered, the order of execution is changed. Every time an instruction is executed, it must go through three steps:
The first step is to send the instruction from the memory to the decoder, which is called instruction fetch;
The second step is to decode The device decomposes the instructions into operation codes and operands, and generates various corresponding control signals and sends them to various electrical components;
The third step is to perform the corresponding operations. This process is controlled by electronic circuits to achieve automatic and continuous work.
When running, the controller fetches the instructions stored in the internal memory in address order (access instructions in address order), then analyzes the instructions, executes the function of the instructions, and transfers to the transfer instruction when it encounters a transfer instruction. address, and then access the instructions in address order.
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