The operating system (Operating System, OS for short) is a computer program that manages computer hardware and software resources. The operating system needs to handle basic tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of system resource supply and demand, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system.
The computing operating system can be said to be very important to the computer. From the user's perspective, the operating system can carry out various resource sections of the computer system. Scheduling work, including software and hardware equipment, data information, etc., uses a computer operating system to reduce the intensity of manual resource allocation. The user's intervention in computing operations is reduced, and the computer's intelligent work efficiency can be greatly improved.
Secondly, in terms of resource management, if multiple users jointly manage a computer system, there may be conflicts in the information sharing between the two users.
In order to more reasonably allocate the various resource blocks of the computer and coordinate the various components of the computer system, it is necessary to give full play to the functions of the computer operating system and make an optimal use efficiency and degree of use of each resource block. Adjustments are made so that the needs of each user can be met.
Finally, with the assistance of computer programs, the operating system can abstractly handle various basic functions provided by computing system resources, display operating system functions to users in a visual way, and reduce the difficulty of using the computer.
The operating system mainly includes the following functions:
①Process management, its work is mainly process scheduling. In the case of a single user and a single task, processing The server is exclusive to one task for one user, and process management is very simple. However, in the case of multi-programming or multi-user, when organizing multiple jobs or tasks, it is necessary to solve the problems of processor scheduling, allocation and recycling.
② Storage management is divided into several functions: storage allocation, storage sharing, storage protection, and storage expansion.
③Device management has the following functions: device allocation, device transmission control, and device independence.
④File management: file storage space management, directory management, file operation management, and file protection.
⑤Job management is responsible for processing any requirements submitted by users.
Classification of operating systems
Computer operating systems are divided into different types according to different uses. From a functional perspective, they include real-time systems, batch processing systems, and distributed systems. time system, network operating system, etc.
Real-time system mainly means that the system can quickly respond to external commands, handle problems within the corresponding time, and coordinate system work.
The time-sharing system can realize the user's human-computer interaction needs. Multiple users can use one host together, which saves resource costs to a great extent. The time-sharing system has the advantages of multiplexing, independence, interactivity, and reliability, and can realize user-system-terminal tasks.
Batch processing systems appeared in the 1960s. Batch processing systems can improve resource utilization and system throughput.
The network operating system is a software program that can replace the operating system. It is the heart and soul of the network and a special operating system that provides services to network computers. Data and various messages are transferred to each other through the network, which is divided into servers and clients. The main function of the server is to manage the sharing of various resources and network equipment on the server and the network, integrate and control traffic, and avoid the possibility of paralysis. The client is able to receive and use the data transmitted by the server. function so that clients can clearly search for the required resources.
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