The main characteristics of the computer system are: 1. Fast computing power; 2. High enough calculation accuracy; 3. Complex logical judgment ability; 4. The ability to work automatically according to the program.
The main features of the computer system are:
1. Fast computing power
The work of electronic computers is based on the principle of electronic pulse circuits, and its various functional components are composed of electronic circuits, in which the propagation of electric fields plays a major role. We know that the speed of electromagnetic field propagation is very fast. Now high-performance computers can perform more than tens of billions of addition operations per second. If a person can perform an operation in one second, then a person would have to do more than 100 years of work on an ordinary electronic computer in one hour. In many cases, computing speed plays a decisive role. For example, computer-controlled navigation requires "computing speed faster than an airplane can fly." Weather forecasting requires analyzing a large amount of data. For example, manual calculation requires ten days and a half, which loses the meaning of forecasting. With computers, weather forecasts for several days in an area can be calculated in a few minutes.
2. High enough calculation accuracy
The calculation accuracy of electronic computers is not limited in theory. Generally, computers can reach 15 significant figures. Technical means can achieve any accuracy requirements. There was a famous mathematician in history, Pei Lie, who once spent 15 years calculating the pi ratio π before he could reach the 707th place. Now let the computer do this, and it can be calculated to 100,000 digits in a few hours.
Super memory ability There are many storage units in the computer to memorize information. Internal memory capability is an important difference between electronic computers and other computing tools. Due to the ability to internally memorize information, it is not necessary to fetch data from the outside every time during the operation process, but only needs to input the data into the internal storage unit in advance, and the data can be obtained directly from the storage unit during operation. This greatly improves the computing speed. The capacity of computer memory can be made very large, and its memory is particularly strong.
3. Complex logical judgment ability
People have the ability to think. Thinking ability is essentially a logical judgment ability, which can also be said to be a causal relationship analysis ability. With the help of logical operations, the computer can make logical judgments, analyze whether the proposition is true, and make corresponding countermeasures based on whether the proposition is true or not. For example, there is a "four-color problem" in mathematics, which states that no matter how complex a map is, only four colors are enough to make adjacent areas have different colors. For more than 100 years, many mathematicians have been trying to prove it or overturn it, but there has been no result, and it has become a famous problem in mathematics. In 1976, two American mathematicians finally used computers to conduct very complex logical reasoning and verified this famous conjecture.
4. The ability to work automatically according to the program
Generally, machines are controlled by humans. When humans give an instruction to the machine, the machine completes an operation. The operation of the computer is also controlled by people, but because the computer has internal storage capacity, instructions can be input into the computer in advance and stored. After the computer starts working, instructions are fetched from the storage unit in order to control the operation of the computer. This enables people to automate operations without having to intervene in computer work. This way of working is called program control.
Electronic computers are generally divided into two categories: analog computers that process analog signals and digital computers that process digital signals. Most of the computers currently in use are digital computers. The electrical signals used in analog electronic computers to represent and process data internally simulate actual signals in nature. For example, it can use electrical signals to simulate temperature, humidity, etc. that change continuously over time. This kind of electrical signal that simulates actual signals in nature is called "analog electrical signal", and its main feature is "continuous change over time". The internal processing of digital electronic computers is an electrical signal called a symbol signal or a digital signal. The main characteristic of this signal is "discrete", that is, there cannot be a third symbol between two adjacent symbols. What we usually call a computer refers to a digital electronic computer.
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