What are the computer hardware?

Computer hardware includes: chassis, motherboard, cup, memory, bus, power supply, hard disk, storage controller, interface card (sound card, graphics card, modem interface card, network interface card, TV card, video capture card, etc. ), input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.), output devices (speakers, monitors, etc.), CPU fans, buzzers, etc.

Computer hardware, including all physical parts of the computer, to distinguish between the data it contains or executes and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to complete tasks ; Mainly includes: chassis, motherboard, bus, power supply, hard disk, storage controller, interface card, portable storage device, built-in memory, input device, output device, CPU fan, buzzer, etc.

1. Motherboard

The motherboard carries the CPU (i.e. central processing unit), memory (random access memory) and plug-ins for expansion cards. slot (but the CPU and memory are not integrated on the motherboard, they are not accessories of the motherboard, they are also computer hardware)

Motherboard, also called mainboard, systemboard or motherboard ); it is installed in the chassis and is one of the most basic and important components of the microcomputer.

The motherboard is generally a 4-6 layer rectangular circuit board, on which are installed the main circuit systems that make up the computer. Generally, there are north and south bridge chips (some north and south bridges are integrated together) BIOS chip, I/O control chip, Keyboard and panel control switch interfaces, indicator light connectors, expansion slots, DC power supply connectors for motherboards and plug-in cards, and other components.

2. Power supply

The power supply is the source of power for the computer. It has: motherboard interface: 20 4pin, CPU interface (4 4pin): 1, graphics card Interfaces (6 2Pin): 2, hard disk interface (SATA): 4, power supply interface (large 4pin): 3, respectively powering the corresponding hardware in the computer

3, memory

Memory is one of the important components in the computer. It is the bridge that communicates with the CPU. All programs in the computer run in the memory, so the performance of the memory has a great impact on the computer. Memory is also called internal memory. Its function is to temporarily store operation data in the CPU and exchange data with external memories such as hard disks.

As long as the computer is running, the CPU will transfer the data that needs to be calculated into the memory for calculation. When the calculation is completed, the CPU will transmit the results. The operation of the memory also determines the stable operation of the computer. Memory is composed of memory chips, circuit boards, golden fingers and other parts.

4. Hard disk

Hard disk (English name: Hard Disk Drive, HDD for short, full name Winchester hard drive) is one of the main storage media of the computer. Consists of one or more aluminum or glass discs. These discs are covered with ferromagnetic material. The vast majority of hard drives are fixed hard drives, permanently sealed and secured within the hard drive.

5. Graphics card

The full name of the graphics card is the display interface card (Video card, Graphics card), also known as the display adapter (Video adapter), and the display configuration card is referred to as the graphics card. , is one of the most basic components of a personal computer.

The purpose of the graphics card is to convert and drive the display information required by the computer system, provide line scan signals to the monitor, and control the correct display of the monitor. It is an important component connecting the monitor and the personal computer motherboard. It is the "human One of the important devices for "machine dialogue".

As an important part of the computer host, the graphics card is responsible for outputting and displaying graphics. Graphics cards are very important for people who are engaged in professional graphic design.

6. Bus

The bus is a bus that connects other high-speed functional components of the computer system, such as memories, channels, etc., to each other.

The buses in a single-processor system are roughly divided into three categories:

(1) Internal bus: The bus that connects the internal registers and computing components of the CPU.

(2) System bus: CPU and computing

(3) I/O bus: The interconnection mechanism of medium and low-speed I/O computer systems, which is the interconnection between multiple system functional components A public channel for data transfer.

The bus that connects devices to each other.

7. Interface card

Sound card, graphics card, modem interface card, network interface card, TV card, video capture card, etc...

8. Input devices

Keyboard, mouse, trackpad, trackball, digitizing tablet and input pen/pointer, touch screen, game controller, game joystick, microphone , scanners, barcode readers, network cameras, digital cameras, mobile phones, and a large number of USB external products.

9. Output device

Printer, dot matrix printer, inkjet printer, laser printer, speaker, monitor

10. Computer monitor

includes CRT, LCD, LED, PDP

11, built-in memory

hard disk, disk array controller

12. Portable storage device

CD, CD-ROM, CD-RW, CD-R, DVD, DVD/CD-RW, Combo, DVD-ROM, DVD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RAMDVD RW, DVD R, floppy disk, Tape drive, external hard drive, flash memory, thumb drive, memory card, SD, CF, MMC SM, SSD (mobile hard drive)

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