Home > Article > Development Tools > Composer implements automatic loading principle [detailed explanation]
下面由composer教程栏目给大家介绍composer实现自动加载原理,希望对需要的朋友有所帮助!
一般在框架中都会用到composer工具,用它来管理依赖。其中composer有类的自动加载机制,可以加载composer下载的库中的所有的类文件。那么composer的自动加载机制是怎么实现的呢?
以在Laravel框架中为例:
首先在入口文件(/public/index.php)中引入了autoload.php
require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
我们看看autoload.php的内容
require_once __DIR__ . '/composer/autoload_real.php'; return ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader();
我们再看看 autoload_real.php的内容
<?php // autoload_real.php @generated by Composer class ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273 { private static $loader; public static function loadClassLoader($class) { if ('Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader' === $class) { require __DIR__ . '/ClassLoader.php'; } } public static function getLoader() { if (null !== self::$loader) { return self::$loader; } spl_autoload_register(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273', 'loadClassLoader'), true, true); self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader(); spl_autoload_unregister(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273', 'loadClassLoader')); $useStaticLoader = PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && !defined('HHVM_VERSION') && (!function_exists('zend_loader_file_encoded') || !zend_loader_file_encoded()); if ($useStaticLoader) { require_once __DIR__ . '/autoload_static.php'; call_user_func(\Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getInitializer($loader)); } else { $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_namespaces.php'; foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) { $loader->set($namespace, $path); } $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_psr4.php'; foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) { $loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path); } $classMap = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_classmap.php'; if ($classMap) { $loader->addClassMap($classMap); } } $loader->register(true); if ($useStaticLoader) { $includeFiles = Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::$files; } else { $includeFiles = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_files.php'; } foreach ($includeFiles as $fileIdentifier => $file) { composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file); } return $loader; } } function composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file) { if (empty($GLOBALS['__composer_autoload_files'][$fileIdentifier])) { require $file; $GLOBALS['__composer_autoload_files'][$fileIdentifier] = true; } }
可以看出这一段是composer自动加载的重点,首先在 autoload.php中调用ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader()方法,getLoader()首先判断当前\(loader是不是null,如果不为null就直接返回,否则就初始化一个ClassLoader类给赋值给\)loader,接着将autoload_namespaces.php、autoload_psr4.php、autoload_classmap.php文件中的内容加入到$loader中对应的数组中,然后给注册loadClass函数,将autoload_files.php中的所有路径所示的文件都包含进来,当在new一个类的时候如果没有找到相关的类就会触发这个loadClass函数,在loadClass()又调用了findFile()去查找相应的文件,找到相应文件后就会返回该文件,然后loadClass调用includeFile()方法将该文件include进去,否则findFile返回false,这样就完成了自动加载
下面来看一下 findFile()
public function findFile($class) { // class map lookup if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) { return $this->classMap[$class]; } if ($this->classMapAuthoritative || isset($this->missingClasses[$class])) { return false; } if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) { $file = apcu_fetch($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $hit); if ($hit) { return $file; } } $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.php'); // Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM if (false === $file && defined('HHVM_VERSION')) { $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.hh'); } if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) { apcu_add($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $file); } if (false === $file) { // Remember that this class does not exist. $this->missingClasses[$class] = true; } return $file; } private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext) { // PSR-4 lookup $logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, '\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext; $first = $class[0]; if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) { $subPath = $class; while (false !== $lastPos = strrpos($subPath, '\\')) { $subPath = substr($subPath, 0, $lastPos); $search = $subPath.'\\'; if (isset($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search])) { $pathEnd = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $lastPos + 1); foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search] as $dir) { if (file_exists($file = $dir . $pathEnd)) { return $file; } } } } } // PSR-4 fallback dirs foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) { if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) { return $file; } } // PSR-0 lookup if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, '\\')) { // namespaced class name $logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1) . strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR); } else { // PEAR-like class name $logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext; } if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) { foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) { if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) { foreach ($dirs as $dir) { if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) { return $file; } } } } } // PSR-0 fallback dirs foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) { if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) { return $file; } } // PSR-0 include paths. if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) { return $file; } return false; }
findFile()函数先在classMap中查找,如果找不到的话就会尝试在apcu缓存中查找,如果还是找不到的话就会调用findFileWithExtension()函数查找,如果找到了就会将该文件加到apcu缓存,如果找不到的话就会在missingClasses数组中设一个标记表示识这个类找不到
findFileWithExtension()方法根据之前通过\(loader->set(\)namespace, \(path)和\)loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path)方法设置的信息找出类文件的路径信息
在上面有的地方用到了 spl_autoload_register和spl_autoload_unregister函数
bool spl_autoload_register ([ callable $autoload_function [, bool $throw = true [, bool $prepend = false ]]] )
prepend
如果是 true,spl_autoload_register() 会添加函数到队列之首,而不是队列尾部。
如果在你的程序中已经实现了__autoload()函数,它必须显式注册到__autoload()队列中。因为 spl_autoload_register()函数会将Zend Engine中的__autoload()函数取代为spl_autoload()或spl_autoload_call()
例:
function __autoload($name) { require 'class/'.$name.'.php'; echo '1'; } function autoload_test($name) { echo '2'; } spl_autoload_register('autoload_test'); spl_autoload_register('__autoload'); $ca=new Ca();
因本人水平有限,有些地方可能不对,欢迎留言。
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