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Composer implements automatic loading principle [detailed explanation]

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2020-07-02 13:13:093126browse

下面由composer教程栏目给大家介绍composer实现自动加载原理,希望对需要的朋友有所帮助!

Composer implements automatic loading principle [detailed explanation]

简介

一般在框架中都会用到composer工具,用它来管理依赖。其中composer有类的自动加载机制,可以加载composer下载的库中的所有的类文件。那么composer的自动加载机制是怎么实现的呢?

composer 自动加载原理

以在Laravel框架中为例:

  1. 首先在入口文件(/public/index.php)中引入了autoload.php

    require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';
  2. 我们看看autoload.php的内容

    require_once __DIR__ . '/composer/autoload_real.php';
    return ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader();
  3. 我们再看看 autoload_real.php的内容

    <?php
    
    // autoload_real.php @generated by Composer
    
    class ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273
    {
        private static $loader;
    
        public static function loadClassLoader($class)
        {
            if (&#39;Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader&#39; === $class) {
                require __DIR__ . &#39;/ClassLoader.php&#39;;
            }
        }
    
        public static function getLoader()
        {
            if (null !== self::$loader) {
                return self::$loader;
            }
            spl_autoload_register(array(&#39;ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273&#39;, &#39;loadClassLoader&#39;), true, true);
            self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader();
            spl_autoload_unregister(array(&#39;ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273&#39;, &#39;loadClassLoader&#39;));
    
            $useStaticLoader = PHP_VERSION_ID >= 50600 && !defined(&#39;HHVM_VERSION&#39;) && (!function_exists(&#39;zend_loader_file_encoded&#39;) || !zend_loader_file_encoded());
            if ($useStaticLoader) {
                require_once __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_static.php&#39;;
    
                call_user_func(\Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getInitializer($loader));
            } else {
                $map = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_namespaces.php&#39;;
                foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
                    $loader->set($namespace, $path);
                }
    
                $map = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_psr4.php&#39;;
                foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
                    $loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path);
                }
    
                $classMap = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_classmap.php&#39;;
                if ($classMap) {
                    $loader->addClassMap($classMap);
                }
            }
    
            $loader->register(true);
    
            if ($useStaticLoader) {
                $includeFiles = Composer\Autoload\ComposerStaticInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::$files;
            } else {
                $includeFiles = require __DIR__ . &#39;/autoload_files.php&#39;;
            }
            foreach ($includeFiles as $fileIdentifier => $file) {
                composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file);
            }
    
            return $loader;
        }
    }
    
    function composerRequire1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273($fileIdentifier, $file)
    {
        if (empty($GLOBALS[&#39;__composer_autoload_files&#39;][$fileIdentifier])) {
            require $file;
    
            $GLOBALS[&#39;__composer_autoload_files&#39;][$fileIdentifier] = true;
        }
    }

可以看出这一段是composer自动加载的重点,首先在 autoload.php中调用ComposerAutoloaderInit1215780529014c2b50a6fca7ce889273::getLoader()方法,getLoader()首先判断当前\(loader是不是null,如果不为null就直接返回,否则就初始化一个ClassLoader类给赋值给\)loader,接着将autoload_namespaces.php、autoload_psr4.php、autoload_classmap.php文件中的内容加入到$loader中对应的数组中,然后给注册loadClass函数,将autoload_files.php中的所有路径所示的文件都包含进来,当在new一个类的时候如果没有找到相关的类就会触发这个loadClass函数,在loadClass()又调用了findFile()去查找相应的文件,找到相应文件后就会返回该文件,然后loadClass调用includeFile()方法将该文件include进去,否则findFile返回false,这样就完成了自动加载

  1. 下面来看一下 findFile()

     public function findFile($class)
        {
            // class map lookup
            if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) {
                return $this->classMap[$class];
            }
            if ($this->classMapAuthoritative || isset($this->missingClasses[$class])) {
                return false;
            }
            if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
                $file = apcu_fetch($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $hit);
                if ($hit) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }
    
            $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, &#39;.php&#39;);
    
            // Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM
            if (false === $file && defined(&#39;HHVM_VERSION&#39;)) {
                $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, &#39;.hh&#39;);
            }
    
            if (null !== $this->apcuPrefix) {
                apcu_add($this->apcuPrefix.$class, $file);
            }
    
            if (false === $file) {
                // Remember that this class does not exist.
                $this->missingClasses[$class] = true;
            }
    
            return $file;
        }
    
         private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext)
        {
            // PSR-4 lookup
            $logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, &#39;\\&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
    
            $first = $class[0];
            if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) {
                $subPath = $class;
                while (false !== $lastPos = strrpos($subPath, &#39;\\&#39;)) {
                    $subPath = substr($subPath, 0, $lastPos);
                    $search = $subPath.&#39;\\&#39;;
                    if (isset($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search])) {
                        $pathEnd = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $lastPos + 1);
                        foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$search] as $dir) {
                            if (file_exists($file = $dir . $pathEnd)) {
                                return $file;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
    
            // PSR-4 fallback dirs
            foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) {
                if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }
    
            // PSR-0 lookup
            if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, &#39;\\&#39;)) {
                // namespaced class name
                $logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1)
                    . strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), &#39;_&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
            } else {
                // PEAR-like class name
                $logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, &#39;_&#39;, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
            }
    
            if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) {
                foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) {
                    if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
                        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
                            if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
                                return $file;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
    
            // PSR-0 fallback dirs
            foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) {
                if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
                    return $file;
                }
            }
    
            // PSR-0 include paths.
            if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) {
                return $file;
            }
    
            return false;
        }

    findFile()函数先在classMap中查找,如果找不到的话就会尝试在apcu缓存中查找,如果还是找不到的话就会调用findFileWithExtension()函数查找,如果找到了就会将该文件加到apcu缓存,如果找不到的话就会在missingClasses数组中设一个标记表示识这个类找不到

    findFileWithExtension()方法根据之前通过\(loader->set(\)namespace, \(path)和\)loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path)方法设置的信息找出类文件的路径信息

  2. 在上面有的地方用到了 spl_autoload_register和spl_autoload_unregister函数

    1. spl_autoload_register函数
      spl_autoload_register — 注册给定的函数作为 __autoload 的实现,
      1. bool spl_autoload_register ([ callable $autoload_function [, bool $throw = true [, bool $prepend = false ]]] )

      2. prepend
        如果是 true,spl_autoload_register() 会添加函数到队列之首,而不是队列尾部。

      3. 如果在你的程序中已经实现了__autoload()函数,它必须显式注册到__autoload()队列中。因为 spl_autoload_register()函数会将Zend Engine中的__autoload()函数取代为spl_autoload()或spl_autoload_call()
        例:

        function __autoload($name)
        {
            require &#39;class/&#39;.$name.&#39;.php&#39;;
            echo &#39;1&#39;;
        }
        function autoload_test($name)
        {
            echo &#39;2&#39;;
        }
        spl_autoload_register(&#39;autoload_test&#39;);
        spl_autoload_register(&#39;__autoload&#39;);
        $ca=new Ca();
    2. spl_autoload_unregister函数
      spl_autoload_unregister — 注销已注册的__autoload()函数,如果该函数队列处于激活状态,并且在给定函数注销后该队列变为空,则该函数队列将会变为无效。如果该函数注销后使得自动装载函数队列无效,即使存在有__autoload函数它也不会自动激活。
      1. bool spl_autoload_unregister ( mixed $autoload_function )

因本人水平有限,有些地方可能不对,欢迎留言。

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