What does the Linux system directory structure include?

The Linux system directory structure includes: /bin directory, /boot directory, /home directory, /media directory, /mnt directory, /root directory, /tmp directory, /run directory, etc. Among them, the /bin directory stores frequently used commands, and the /root directory is the user home directory of the system administrator.

Linux system directory structure

(Recommended learning: linux tutorial)

After logging in to the system , enter the command in the current command window:

 ls /

The result is as shown below:

Let’s introduce each directory separately:

/bin:

bin is the abbreviation of Binary. This directory stores the most commonly used commands.

/boot:

Stored here are some core files used when starting Linux, including some connection files and image files.

/dev:

dev is the abbreviation of Device. This directory stores Linux external devices. The way to access devices in Linux is the same as the way to access files. .

/etc:

This directory is used to store all configuration files and subdirectories required for system management.

/home:

The user's home directory. In Linux, each user has his own directory. Generally, the directory name is named after the user's account.

/lib:

This directory stores the system’s most basic dynamic link shared library, which functions similarly to DLL files in Windows. Almost all applications require these shared libraries.

/lost found:

This directory is usually empty. When the system is shut down illegally, some files are stored here.

/media：

The Linux system will automatically recognize some devices, such as U disks, CD-ROM drives, etc. After recognition, Linux will mount the recognized devices to this directory.

/mnt:

The system provides this directory to allow users to temporarily mount other file systems. We can mount the optical drive on /mnt/ and then enter this directory. Check the contents of the CD-ROM drive.

/opt：

This is the directory where additional software is installed for the host. For example, if you install an ORACLE database, you can put it in this directory. The default is empty.

/proc:

This directory is a virtual directory, which is a mapping of system memory. We can obtain system information by directly accessing this directory. The contents of this directory are not on the hard disk but in the memory. We can also directly modify some files in it. For example, we can use the following command to block the ping command of the host so that others cannot ping your machine:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

/root:

This directory is the user home directory of the system administrator, also known as the super privileged person.

/sbin:

s means Super User. The system management program used by the system administrator is stored here.

/selinux:

This directory is unique to Redhat/CentOS. Selinux is a security mechanism, similar to the Windows firewall, but this mechanism is more complicated. This directory is where selinux is stored. related documents.

/srv:

This directory stores some data that needs to be extracted after the service is started.

/sys:

This is a big change in the linux2.6 kernel. A new file system sysfs that appeared in the 2.6 kernel is installed in this directory.

The sysfs file system integrates the information of the following three file systems: the proc file system for process information, the devfs file system for devices, and the devpts file system for pseudo terminals.

This file system is an intuitive reflection of the kernel device tree.

When a kernel object is created, the corresponding files and directories are also created in the kernel object subsystem.

/tmp:

This directory is used to store some temporary files.

/usr:

This is a very important directory. Many of the user's applications and files are placed in this directory, similar to the program files directory under Windows.

/usr/bin:

Applications used by system users.

/usr/sbin:

Relatively advanced management programs and system daemons used by super users.

/usr/src:

The default placement directory for kernel source code.

/var:

This directory stores things that are constantly expanding. We are used to placing directories that are frequently modified in this directory. Includes various log files.

/run:

is a temporary file system that stores information since the system started. When the system restarts, files in this directory should be deleted or cleared. If you have a /var/run directory on your system, you should point it to run.

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