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Detailed explanation of PHP magic methods __get, __set (code examples)

易达
易达Original
2020-05-27 22:27:244362browse

Goals of this article:

1. Understand the definition of magic methods in PHP

2. Understand the usage scenarios of __get() magic method

3. Master the usage of __get() magic method

4. Understand the usage scenarios of __set() magic method

5. Master the usage of __set() magic method

(1) Understand the definition of magic methods in PHP

PHP Reserve all class methods starting with __ (two underscores) as magic methods. Therefore, when defining class methods, except for the above magic methods, it is recommended not to prefix them with __.

There is another name for these two magic methods. They can also be called Magic methods of attribute overloading

(2) Understand the usage scenarios of __get() magic method

When we want to access undefined or inaccessible attributes of an object without reporting an error, we can define the __get method in the class , so that the system will automatically call this method at this moment

(3) Master the usage of __get() magic method

Summary:

1 , The definition format of __get in PHP is as follows: public function __get (parameter 1), Note that there must be 2 __, the name must be __get, and it must take 1 parameter, one more or one less No

2, When a non-existent property is called, the system will automatically trigger the defined __get method of the class where the object is located

Each summary is derived through practice. Now we use practice to demonstrate the summary, which can promote understanding and make each summary clearer and more intuitive

Case 1,

Practice goals:

1. The definition format of __get in PHP is as follows : public function __get (parameter 1), Note here that there must be 2 __, the name must be __get, and it must take 1 parameter, one more or less will not work

The specific code is as follows:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    // static public function staticFun(){
    //     echo "Animal中的staticFun执行了<br/>";
    // }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __get($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__get方法,当前属性为:{$name}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
?>

The running result is:

No error is reported, indicating that the syntax is correct

Now let’s add one more parameter to see

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    // static public function staticFun(){
    //     echo "Animal中的staticFun执行了<br/>";
    // }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __get($name,$arg){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__get方法,当前属性为:{$name}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
$name = $ani->name;
?>

运行结果为:

Fatal error: Method Animal::__get() must take exactly 1 argument in D:\E-class\class-code\classing\index.php on line 14

所以从结果可以看出,参数有且只能有一个,多一个少一个都不行

案例二、

实践目标:

1、当调用不存在的属性时,系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__get方法

具体代码如下:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    // static public function staticFun(){
    //     echo "Animal中的staticFun执行了<br/>";
    // }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __get($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__get方法,当前属性为:{$name}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
$name = $ani->name;
?>

运行结果如下:

自动执行了Animal类中的__get方法,当前属性为:name

我们发现其实我们没有手动的去调用__get方法,就是说没有写成$ani->__get(),但是这个方法依然执行了,因为什么呢?因为我们写了$ani->name;而这个name方法没有在类中定义,然后这个类中又定义了这个魔术方法,所以它就像魔术一样,突然就被自动执行了,而且我们__get中的参数就是这个属性

这里一定要注意,是2个下划线,不是一个,否则就不是魔术方法了,下面还是再来做下测试

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    // static public function staticFun(){
    //     echo "Animal中的staticFun执行了<br/>";
    // }
    //魔术方法  试着少写一个_
    public  function _get($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__get方法,当前属性为:{$name}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
$name = $ani->name;
?>

运行结果如下:

Notice: Undefined property: Animal::$name in D:\E-class\class-code\classing\index.php on line 18

所以此刻就会报错了,因为没有__get的魔术方法了,所以一定要注意是2个下划线,就好像构造函数和析构函数一样,都是两个下划线

(四)、了解__set()魔术方法的使用场景

当为对象不存在的属性赋值时,会自动调用类中定义好的__set方法

(五)、掌握__set()魔术方法的用法

总结:

1、PHP中__set在类中定义格式如下  public function __set(属性参数1,属性对应的值的参数2),这里注意必须是2个__,名称必须是__set,而且必须是要带2个参数,多一个少一个都不行

2、当设置不存在的属性时,系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__set方法

每个总结都是通过实践得出来的,现在我们用实践来演示总结,这样可以促进理解,让每个总结理解起来更加清晰,直观

案例一、

实践目标:

1、PHP中__set在类中定义格式如下  public function __set(属性参数1,属性对应的值的参数2),这里注意必须是2个__,名称必须是__set,而且必须是要带2个参数,多一个少一个都不行

具体代码如下:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __set($name,$val){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__set方法,当前属性为:{$name},值为:{$val}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();

?>

运行结果为:

空白,说明没有报错

接下来,我们少一个参数看下

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __set($name){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__set方法,当前属性为:{$name},值为:{$val}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();

?>

运行结果为:

Fatal error: Method Animal::__set() must take exactly 2 arguments in D:\E-class\class-code\classing\index.php on line 11

所以__set方法的参数有且只能是2个,一个是属性名,一个是属性要设置的值

案例二、

实践目标:

1、当设置不存在的属性时,系统会自动触发对象所在类的定义好的__set方法

具体代码如下:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法  
    public  function __set($name,$val){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__set方法,当前属性为:{$name},值为:{$val}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
$ani->name = "小狗";

?>

运行结果为:

自动执行了Animal类中的__set方法,当前属性为:name,值为:小狗

我们发现其实我们没有手动的去调用__set方法,也就是说没有写成$ani->__set(),但是这个方法依然执行了,因为什么呢?因为我们写了$ani->name = "小狗";;这个name属性在类中没有定义,然后这个类中又定义了这个魔术方法,所以它就像魔术一样,突然就被自动执行了

这里一定要注意,是2个下划线,不是一个,否则就不是魔术方法了,下面还是再来做下测试

具体代码如下:

<?php
class Animal{
    public function eat(){

    }
    public function sleep(){

    }
    //魔术方法  试着少写一个_
    public  function _set($name,$val){
        echo "自动执行了Animal类中的__sett方法,当前属性为:{$name},值为:{$val}<br/>";
    }
}
$ani = new Animal();
$ani->name = "小狗";

?>

运行结果如下:

空白了

所以说明没有执行__set魔术方法了,所以一定要记得是两个__

(六)、总结

1、本文主要讲了另外2个魔术方法,__get,__set,讲了他们的使用场景以及具体的实现

希望本文能给大家带来一定的帮助,谢谢!!!

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