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The following is developed byLaravelThe introductory tutorial column will introduce you to the magical Laravel macro instruction (Macro). I hope it will be helpful to friends in need!
Have you ever wanted a feature in Laravel, but it didn’t really exist? Let me introduce you to Laravel macros. Macros allow you to add custom functionality to Laravel's internal components.
Let us take a simple Request facade method as an example.
Request::macro('introduce', function ($name) { echo 'Hello ' . $name . '!'; }); Request::introduce('Caleb'); // outputs "Hello Caleb!"
A more practical Request macro is used to detect the current TLD (top-level domain: .com, .net, .org, .etc...).
Request::macro('tldIs', function ($tld) { return Str::is('*.' . $tld, $this->root()); }); Request::tldIs('com') // returns true for app.com Request::tldIs('dev') // returns false for app.com
You will notice that Laravel automatically binds $this to the context of the Request, rather than in a class that has defined the macro. For example:
class AppServiceProvider { public function boot() { Request::macro('context', function () { return get_class($this); } } ... Request::context(); // returns 'Illuminate\Http\Request' // instead of 'App\AppServiceProvider'
Let’s look at a more advanced example. This macro conditionally adds a where statement on the model based on the current TLD.
Builder::macro('whenTldMatches', function($tld, $callback) { if (Request::tldIs($tld)) { call_user_func($callback->bindTo($this)); } return $this; }); SomeModel::whenTldMatches('org', function () { $this->where('id', '>', 5); })->get(); // applies ->where() 在 app.org 上应用,而不在 app.com 上应用
Where should we define them?
Service providers are a great place to define macros for your application.App\Providers\AppServiceProvider boot()
isI
a good injection point, but it gets bloated quickly.
The next step is to create aApp\Providers\MacrosServiceProvider
and register it inconfig/app.php
. If a macro is relevant, I might create anApp\Providers\TldAwareServiceProvider
to hold allTLD
related macros.
Which components are Macroable?
Macros can be defined on any class with the Macroable attribute. The following is a list of Macroable's facades and classes
Facade
● Cache
● File
● Lang
● Request
● Response
● Route
● URL
Illuminate Classes
● Illuminate\Cache\Repository
● Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Event
● Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder
● Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relation
● Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder
● Illuminate\Filesystem\Filesystem
● Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestResponse
● Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse
● Illuminate\Http\Request
● Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile
● Illuminate\Routing\ResponseFactory
● Illuminate\Routing\Router
● Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator
● Illuminate\Support\Arr
● Illuminate\Support\Collection
● Illuminate\Support\Str
● Illuminate\Translation\Translator
● Illuminate\Validation\Rule
Hands-On
If you find yourself duplicating Laravel components throughout your system To perform logic, consider using macros for better expression and reuse. Believe me, very greedy.
Good luck!
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