The switch uses the MAC address to direct network traffic to the destination node through the switching fabric directed to the corresponding port.
The switching fabric is an integrated circuit and corresponding machine programming that controls the data path through the switch. (Recommended learning:webfront-end video tutorial)
In order for the switch to know which port to use to transmit unicast frames, it must first know which nodes exist on each of its ports.
A switch uses its MAC address table to determine how to handle incoming data frames. A switch builds its MAC address table by recording the MAC addresses of nodes connected to each of its ports.
When the MAC address of a specific node on a specific port is recorded in the address table, the switch can know that in subsequent transmissions, the traffic destined for the specific node should be redirected from and Emitted on the port corresponding to this node.
When the switch receives an incoming data frame and there is no destination MAC address of the frame in the address table, the switch will forward the frame out of all ports except the port that received the frame.
When the destination node responds, the switch obtains the node's MAC address from the source address field of the response frame and records it in the address table.
In a network where multiple switches are interconnected, the ports connected to other switches have multiple MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table to represent remote nodes.
Typically, a switch port used to interconnect two switches has multiple MAC addresses recorded in the MAC address table.
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