The difference between vector and list in java

Usage of vector

Continuous storage structure: vector is an object array that can achieve dynamic growth and supports high efficiency for arrays Access and deletion and insertion operations at the end of the array, deletion and insertion in the middle and at the head are relatively difficult and require moving a large amount of data. (Recommended study: java course)

The biggest difference between vector and array is that vector does not require programmers to consider capacity issues themselves. The library itself has realized dynamic growth of capacity, while arrays Programmers need to manually write the expansion function to perform expansion.

Simulation implementation of Vector

template <class T>
class Vector
{
public:
  typedef T* Iterator;
  typedef const T* Iterator;
  Vector()
    :_start(NULL)
    ,_finish(NULL)
    ,_endOfStorage(NULL)
  {}
  void template<class T>
  PushBack(const T& x)
  {
    Iterator end = End();
    Insert(end, x);
  }
  void Insert(Iterator& pos, const T& x)
  {
    size_t n = pos - _start;
    if (_finish == _endOfStorage)
    {
      size_t len = Capacity() == 0 ? 3 :  Capacity()*2;
      Expand(len);
    }
    pos = _start+n;
    for (Iterator end = End(); end != pos; --end)
    {
      *end = *(end-1);
    }
    *pos = x;
    ++_finish;
  }
  Iterator End()
  {
    return _finish;
  }
  Iterator Begin()
  {
    return _start;
  }
  void Resize(size_t n, const T& val = T())//用Resize扩容时需要初始化空间，并且可以缩小容量
  {
    if (n < Size())
    {
      _finish = _start+n;
    }
    else
    {
      Reserve(n);
      size_t len = n-Size();
      for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
      {
        PushBack(val);
      }
    }
  }
  void Reserve(size_t n)//不用初始化空间，直接增容
  {
    Expand(n);
  }
  inline size_t Size()
  {
    return _finish-_start;
  }
  inline size_t Capacity()
  {
    return _endOfStorage-_start;
  }
  void Expand(size_t n)
  {
    const size_t size = Size();
    const size_t capacity = Capacity();
    if (n > capacity)
    {
      T* tmp = new T[n];
      for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
      {
        tmp[i] = _start[i];
      }
      delete[] _start;
      _start = tmp;
      _finish = _start+size;
      _endOfStorage = _start+n;
    }
  }
  T& operator[](size_t pos)
  {
    assert(pos < Size());
    return _start[pos];
  }
  const T& operator[](size_t pos) const
  {
    assert(pos < Size());
    return _start[pos];
  }
protected:
  Iterator _start; //指向第一个元素所在节点
  Iterator _finish; //指向最后一个元素所在节点的下一个节点
  Iterator _endOfStorage; //可用内存空间的末尾节点
};

Use of list

Non-continuous storage structure: list is a double linked list structure, Supports bidirectional traversal of linked lists. Each node includes three pieces of information: the element itself, the node pointing to the previous element (prev), and the node pointing to the next element (next).

Therefore, list can efficiently access, insert and delete data elements at any position. Since it involves the maintenance of additional pointers, the overhead is relatively high.

Simulation implementation of List

template<class T>
class List
{
  typedef __ListNode<T> Node;
public:
  typedef __ListIterator<T, T&, T*> Iterator;
  typedef __ListIterator<T, const T&, const T*> ConstIterator;
  Iterator Begin()
  {
    return _head->_next;
  }
  Iterator End()
  {
    return _head;
  }
  ConstIterator Begin() const
  {
    return _head->_next;
  }
  ConstIterator End() const
  {
    return _head;
  }
  List()
  {
    _head = new Node(T());
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
  }
  // l2(l1)
  List(const List& l)
  {
    _head = new Node(T());
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
    ConstIterator it = l.Begin();
    while (it != l.End())
    {
      PushBack(*it);
      ++it;
    }
  }
  ~List()
  {
    Clear();
    delete _head;
    _head = NULL;
  }
  void Clear()
  {
    Iterator it = Begin();
    while (it != End())
    {
      Node* del = it._node;
      ++it;
      delete del;
    }
    _head->_next = _head;
    _head->_prev = _head;
  }
  void PushBack(const T& x)
  {
    Insert(End(), x);
  }
  void PushFront(const T& x)
  {
    Insert(Begin(), x);
  }
  void PopBack()
  {
    Erase(--End());
  }
  void PopFront()
  {
    Erase(Begin());
  }
  void Insert(Iterator pos, const T& x)
  {
    Node* cur = pos._node;
    Node* prev = cur->_prev;
    Node* tmp = new Node(x);
    prev->_next = tmp;
    tmp->_prev = prev;
    tmp->_next = cur;
    cur->_prev = prev;
  }
    Iterator Erase(Iterator& pos)
  {
    assert(pos != End());
    Node* prev = (pos._node)->_prev;
    Node* next = (pos._node)->_next;
    prev->_next = next;
    next->_prev = prev;
    delete pos._node;
    pos._node = prev;
        return Iterator(next);
  }
protected:
  Node* _head;
};

The difference between vector and list

*Vector has high random access efficiency, but in When inserting and deleting (excluding the tail), the data needs to be moved, which is not easy to operate.

*List access requires traversing the entire linked list, and its random access efficiency is low. However, it is more convenient to insert and delete data, just change the pointing of the pointer.

*List is one-way, vector is two-way.

*The iterator in vector becomes invalid after use, while the iterator in list can continue to be used after use.

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