An overview of exceptions in java

1. What is an exception

Exception is an abnormal phenomenon that occurs during the running of the program.

try: Wrap the code where exceptions may occur. When an exception occurs, throw the exception

catch: Catch the exception and handle it

finally: Regardless of whether an exception occurs, it will be executed

throw: Manually raise an exception

throws: Define exceptions for any called methods

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##2. Reasons for exceptions

User input errors;

Code errors;

Environmental factors;

The exception mechanism ensures the robustness of the program!

3. Classification of exceptions

NullPointerExceptionNull reference exception

IndexOutOfBoundExceptionSubscript out-of-bounds exception

Error is related to the compilation environment. It is an internal error during the Java runtime and a resource exhaustion error. Very difficult to fix and users are not expected to fix it.

4. Obtain exception information

When an exception occurs in the program, the program will be executed directly from the try to the catch statement block and will not continue to execute here.

public class text3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("main开始执行");
		text3 a=new text3();
		a.text();
		System.out.println("main执行结束");
	}
    public void text() {
    	int a;
    	try {
    		 a=2/0;
    		System.out.println(a);
    	}catch(ArithmeticException e){
    		System.out.println("程序发生了异常");
    	}
    }
}

The program will not be interrupted after the exception is captured

public class text3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
		System.out.println("main开始执行");
		text3 a=new text3();
		a.text();
		System.out.println("main执行结束");
	}
    public void text() {
    	int a;
    	//try {
    		 a=2/0;
    		System.out.println(a);
    	//}catch(ArithmeticException e){
    		//System.out.println("程序发生了异常");
    	//}
    }
}

Console result:

The exception is not handled by itself but Make a statement.

Exception statement: It means that a method does not handle the exception it generates, but passes it up the calling hierarchy. Whoever calls this method will handle it.

5. Manually throw exceptions

throw exception; The parameter exception represents the exception object to be thrown. This object is a subclass of the throwable class and can only be one.

public void text1() throws ArithmeticException{
		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Text t=new Text();
		try {
			t.text();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
		}
	}
	public void text() throws Exception {
		//手动抛出异常
		throw new Exception("这是手动抛出来的");
	}
}

6. Nested use of try catch finally

public class Textthrow {
     
public static void main(String[] args) {
	double a=Math.random();
    try {
   	 if(a>0.5) {
   		 System.out.println(a+"程序不报错");
   	 }
   	 else {
   		 throw new Exception();
   	 }
    }catch(Exception e) {
   	 System.out.println("这是外层捕获的对象"+e);
   	 try {
   		 a=1/0;
   	 }catch(ArithmeticException e1) {
   		 System.out.println("这是内层捕获的对象"+e1);
   		 
   	 }finally {
   		 System.out.println("这是内层的finally块");
   	 }
    }finally {
   	 System.out.println("这是外层的finally块 ");
    }
}
}

7. Exception chain

Definition: two or Multiple different exceptions appear in the same program, and nested throwing occurs, which is called an exception chain.

public class ExceptionChainText {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
		Calculator c=new Calculator();
		try {
			c.chufa(1, 0);
		}catch(NumberCalculateExcetption e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println("错误原因"+e);
		}
	}
}
class Calculator{
	public int chufa(int i,int j) throws NumberCalculateExcetption {
		if(j==0) {
			NumberCalculateExcetption e = new
					NumberCalculateExcetption ("计算错误");
			NegativeNumberException e1=	new
					NegativeNumberException("除数不能为0");
		 e.initCause(e1);//由e1引起的异常
		 throw e;
		}
		return 0;
	}
}
class NegativeNumberException extends Exception{
	public NegativeNumberException(String msg) {
		super(msg);
	}
}
class NumberCalculateExcetption extends Exception{
	public NumberCalculateExcetption(String msg) {
		super(msg);
	}
}

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