What is Linux operation and maintenance?

Linux operation and maintenance refers to the maintenance of the Linux operating system and related software services, program codes and enterprise data on the system, so that enterprises can provide high-quality, efficient and fast services to their customers.

#Now when we talk about operation and maintenance, we often talk about the word massive. When an enterprise has hundreds of servers, it may be more concerned about how to satisfy Application/business needs, more often than not, there is no need to pay too much attention to architecture, capacity, scalability, etc. The operation and maintenance department sometimes even becomes a miscellaneous department. But when an enterprise has tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of servers, it will pay more attention to architecture planning and evolution, quality, capacity, cost management, automated deployment, etc. At this time, we hear: The more common word for operation and maintenance is operation. That's right, for operation and maintenance personnel, operation and maintenance of different sizes actually do two completely different things, with completely different difficulties, and the ability requirements and value expression of operation and maintenance are also completely different. To sum up, it is the massive operation and maintenance environment that can reflect the value of operation and maintenance engineers, and of course the more promising it will be.

What is Linux operation and maintenance?

To sum it up in one sentence: Maintain the Linux operating system and related software services, program codes and enterprise data on the system, so that enterprises can provide high-quality, efficient and fast services to their customers.

Basic knowledge required for Linux operation and maintenance

1. Shell script and another scripting language. Shell is a must-have for operation and maintenance personnel. If you don’t understand this, you can’t even join the job. None of them work. At least you need to write some system management scripts. The simplest one is to write a script to monitor CPU and memory ratio. This is the most basic and the most meaningful. Another script language is optional, generally It is 3P, that is, python, perl and php. There is no need to consider php. Unless you want to develop, I personally suggest that it is better to learn python. It is difficult to achieve automated operation and maintenance. Perl is very powerful in text processing. Anyway, these two studies Just one will do.

2. You must master the sed and awk tools. While mastering these two tools, you must also master regular expressions. This is painful. Regular expressions are the most difficult expressions to learn, but when combined with sed It is very powerful in awk and is very useful when processing text content and filtering WEB content, but it is usually used in combination when learning the shell.

3. Text processing commands, sort, tr, cut, paste, uniq, tee, etc., must be learned, and should be learned together with shell scripting language.

4. Database, mysql is the first choice, because mysql is definitely used the most in Linux. You must learn additions, deletions, modifications, and queries, especially familiarity with queries. It may not be necessary for other aspects, because operation and maintenance personnel still use queries the most.

5. Firewall is also a must-learn. Firewall is also a difficult point. The most important thing is to understand the rules. Friends who have learned CCNA may find it easier to learn, because iptables also has a NAT table, and the principle is the same. The FILTER table is used the most.

6. Monitoring tools are very important. Personally, it is best to learn these three, cacti, nagios, and zibbix. The most commonly used by enterprises are nagios and zibbix, but nagios is a bit difficult because it involves When it comes to writing automatic monitoring using scripts, that is very difficult.

7. Clustering and hot standby. This is very important and must be understood. However, when you arrive at the company, you will not be allowed to do it, because novices will basically not let you touch it. There are many clustering tools, and the best ones to learn are LVS, this is a must-learn. It is best to also learn nginx cluster, reverse proxy, and hot backup. More tools can achieve this. MySQL hot backup also needs to be learned, which is master-slave replication. This is actually not easy. , it is not easy at all to learn the whole process.

8. Data backup is also something you must learn. There are many tools, but you must at least understand the principles of RAID, especially 1 0 or 0 1, which are most commonly used by enterprises. You must also do your own experiments to figure it out. , there are many backup tools, such as tar, dump, rsync, etc. It is best to learn more about them.

Let’s talk about another keyword in the question, cloud computing. Because its own characteristic is to provide cloud computing services to other enterprises, the public cloud must be huge in size, and there is a very big difference between public cloud operation and maintenance and traditional operation and maintenance. Traditional operation and maintenance are both For self-owned businesses, changes and downtime windows can be coordinated with business departments, while public clouds are all customers' businesses, and it is difficult to judge user behavior, so the requirements are absolute stability, and changes and interruptions are required to be imperceptible, all of which increase It reduces the difficulty of operation and maintenance of public cloud. Therefore, compared with general operation and maintenance, public cloud operation and maintenance is more technically difficult and requires stronger operational capabilities and technical foresight. Of course, the prospects are better than traditional operation and maintenance. After all, such a large-scale infrastructure is not something ordinary companies can have.

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