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How to extract filename and extension in shell script

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Mar 19, 2019 pm 03:50 PM

shell

有时你可能需要在不同的变量中提取文件名和扩展名来完成bash shell编程中的任务。本篇文章将介绍从完整的文件名或路径中提取文件名和文件扩展名。

How to extract filename and extension in shell script

以下是详细的内容

1、获取没有路径的文件名：

首先从输入文件名中删除完整的文件路径。例如，如果文件名输入为/etc/apache2/apache2.conf，则仅提取完整文件名为apache.conf.

#!/bin/bash

fullfilename="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
filename=$(basename "$fullfilename")
echo $filename

2、没有扩展名的文件名：

现在，从提取的不带路径的完整文件名中提取不带扩展名的文件名，如下所示。

#!/bin/bash
fullfilename="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
filename=$(basename "$fullfilename")
fname="${filename%.*}"
echo $fname

3、没有名称的文件扩展名：

现在从提取的不带路径的完整文件名中提取不带名称的文件扩展名。

#!/bin/bash

fullfilename="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf"
filename=$(basename "$fullfilename")
ext="${filename##*.}"
echo $ext

4、测试：

最后在一个shell脚本中测试所有内容。使用以下内容创建新的脚本文件。在执行脚本期间，文件名将作为命令行参数传递。

#!/bin/bash

fullfilename=$1
filename=$(basename "$fullfilename")
fname="${filename%.*}"
ext="${filename##*.}"

echo "Input File: $fullfilename"
echo "Filename without Path: $filename"
echo "Filename without Extension: $fname"
echo "File Extension without Name: $ext"

我们以文件名作为命令行参数来执行脚本。

$ ./script.sh /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Input File: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
Filename without Path: apache2.conf
Filename without Extension: apache2
File Extension without Name: conf

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