Javascript coding conventions (coding specifications)
这篇文章主要介绍了Javascript 编码约定(编码规范),需要的朋友可以参考下
1、使用 strict 模式
在一个作用域(包括函数作用域、全局作用域)中，可以使用
"use strict";
来开启 strict 模式。
2、缩进
用 Tab 键进行代码缩进，以节约代码大小，使用4个空格的宽度来进行缩进(JSLint 建议)。
3、符号
1) 大括号
与语句放同一行，放于最后面；仅有一行语句，也使用大括号：
if (true) {
//true
} else {
//false
}
while (true) {
//alert(1);
}
2) 空格
在逗号、分号、冒号后加空格
在操作符前后加空格
在大括号开始符之前
在大括号结束符和 else、while 或 catch 之间
在 for 的各个部分
如：
var a = [1, 2, 3];
var obj = {
name: 'name',
value: 'value'
};
for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {}
function func(a, b, c) {}
c = a + b;
if (a && b || c) {
//if
} else {
//else
}
try {
//try
} catch(err) {
//catch
}
3) 所有语句结束后，使用 ; 号结束
4、命名
对象：使用驼峰式，如：MyClass
方法、变量：使用混合式，如：getName(), myName
常量：大写加下划线，如：MY_NAME
5、单一 var 模式
只使用一个 var 在函数顶部进行变量声明，作用如下：
1) 提供一个单一的地址已查找到函数需要的所有局部变量
2) 防止出现变量在定义前就被使用的逻辑错误
3) 帮助牢记要声明变量，尽可能少地使用全局变量
4) 更少的编码
function func() {
var a = 1,
b = 2,
sum = a + b,
obj = {
name: 'name',
value: 'value'
},
$btn = $('#btn');
//函数体
}
6、循环
1) for 循环
var i, arr = [];
for (i = arr.length; i--;) {
//arr[i];
}
注:
for (var i = 0; i < document.getElementsByName().length; i++) {
//document.getElementsByName()[0];
}
这种方式每次对 i 进行长度比较的使用对会进行 document 的查询，而通常 DOM 操作是非常耗时的。
2) while 循环
var arr = [],
i = arr.length;
while (i--) {
//处理
}
3) for-in 循环
var i,
hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
for (i in man) {
if (hasOwn.call(man, i)) { //过滤
console.log(i, ':', man[i]);
}
}
7、switch 选择
switch (num) {
case 0:
//do something
break;
case 1:
//do something
break;
...
default:
//do default
}
建议使用：
var obj = {
'0': function() {
//do somethins
},
'1': function() {
// do somethis
}, ...
}
if (obj.hasOwnProperty(num)) {
obj[num]();
} else {
//do default
}
8、使用 parseInt() 的数值约定
1) 每次都具体指定进制参数：
var month = '09', day = '08'; month = parseInt(month, 10); //不加进制参数便会转换为八进制 day = parseInt(day, 10);
2) 其他常用的将字符串转换为数值的方法：
+'08'; Number('08');
9、字面量模式
不建议使用构造函数来定义：
// built in constructors (avoid) var o = new Object(); var a = new Array(); var re = new RegExp('[a-z]', 'g'); var s = new String(); var n = new Number(); var b = new Boolean(); throw new Error('message');
建议使用更优的字面量模式：
// literals and primitives (prefer)
var o = {};
var a = [];
var re = /[a-z]/g;
var s = '';
var n = 0;
var b = false;
throw {
name: 'Error',
message: 'message'
}
10、其他
1) 变量内的简写单词如果在开头则全小写：xmlDocument，如果不在开头则全大写：loadXML
2) 变量必须是有意义的英文，禁止拼音
上面是我整理给大家的，希望今后会对大家有帮助。
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