Python implements sharing of methods for crawlers to set proxy IP and disguise themselves as browsers

This article mainly introduces the sharing of methods for Python to implement crawler setting proxy IP and disguise as a browser. It has a certain reference value. Now it is shared with everyone. Friends in need can refer to it

1.python crawler browser disguise

#导入urllib.request模块
import urllib.request
#设置请求头
headers=("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener()
#将headers添加到opener中
opener.addheaders=[headers]
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

2.Set proxy

#定义代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#设置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle({'http':proxy_addr})
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

3. Set up proxy and simulated browser access at the same time

#定义代理ip
proxy_addr="122.241.72.191:808"
#创建一个请求
req=urllib.request.Request(url)
#添加headers
req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)
#设置代理
proxy=urllib.request.ProxyHandle("http":proxy_addr)
#创建一个opener
opener=urllib.request.build_opener(proxy,urllib.request.HTTPHandle)
#将opener安装为全局
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
#用urlopen打开网页
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

4. Add multiple information in the request header

import urllib.request
page_headers={"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0",
       "Host":"www.baidu.com",
       "Cookie":"xxxxxxxx"
       }
req=urllib.request.Request(url,headers=page_headers)
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req).read().decode('utf-8','ignore')

5. Add post request parameters

import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
#设置post参数
page_data=urllib.parse.urlencode([
                  ('pn',page_num),
                  ('kd',keywords)
                  ])
#设置headers
page_headers={
     'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0',
     'Connection':'keep-alive',
     'Host':'www.lagou.com',
     'Origin':'https://www.lagou.com',
     'Cookie':'JSESSIONID=ABAAABAABEEAAJA8F28C00A88DC4D771796BB5C6FFA2DDA; user_trace_token=20170715131136-d58c1f22f6434e9992fc0b35819a572b',
     'Accept':'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
     'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
     'Referer':'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98?labelWords=&fromSearch=true&suginput=',
     'X-Anit-Forge-Token':'None',
     'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest'
     }
#打开网页
req=urllib.request.Request(url,headers=page_headers)
data=urllib.request.urlopen(req,data=page_data.encode('utf-8')).read().decode('utf-8')

6. Use phantomjs to simulate browser requests

##

#1.下载phantomjs安装到本地,并设置环境变量
from selenium import webdriver
bs=webdriver.PhantomJS()
#打开url
bs.get(url)
#获取网页源码
url_data=bs.page_source
#将浏览到的网页保存为图片
bs.get_screenshot_as_file(filename)

7.phantomjs sets user-agent and cookie

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
dcap = dict(DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS)
dcap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0")
bs = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=dcap)
bs.get(url)
#删除cookie
bs.delete_all_cookies()
#设置cookie
#cookie格式：在浏览器cookie中查看，一个cookie需要包含以下参数，domain、name、value、path
cookie={
  'domain':'.www.baidu.com', #注意前面有.
  'name':'xxxx', 
  'value':'xxxx', 
  'path':'xxxx'
  }
#向phantomjs中添加cookie
bs.add_cookie(cookie)

8.Use the web_driver tool

#1.下载web_driver工具（如chromdriver.exe）及对应的浏览器
#2.将chromdriver.exe放到某个目录，如c:\chromdriver.exe
from selenium import webdriver
driver=webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="C:\chromdriver.exe")
#打开url
driver.get(url)

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