Detailed explanation of PHP shared memory usage

This article mainly introduces the usage of PHP shared memory, and analyzes in detail the techniques of inter-process communication based on shared memory in the form of examples. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope to be helpful.

The details are as follows:

Shared memory is mainly used for inter-process communication

There are two sets of extensions for shared memory in php

1. shmop You need to turn on the --enable-shmop parameter when compiling

Example:

$shm_key = ftok(__FILE__, 't');
/**
 开辟一块共享内存
int $key , string $flags , int $mode , int $size 
$flags: a:访问只读内存段
    c:创建一个新内存段，或者如果该内存段已存在，尝试打开它进行读写
    w:可读写的内存段
    n:创建一个新内存段，如果该内存段已存在，则会失败
$mode: 八进制格式 0655
$size: 开辟的数据大小 字节
 */
$shm_id = shmop_open($shm_key, "c", 0644, 1024);
/**
 * 写入数据 数据必须是字符串格式 , 最后一个指偏移量
 * 注意：偏移量必须在指定的范围之内，否则写入不了
 * 
 */
$size = shmop_write($shm_id, 'songjiankang', 0);
echo "write into {$size}";
#读取的范围也必须在申请的内存范围之内,否则失败
$data = shmop_read($shm_id, 0, 100);
var_dump($data);
#删除 只是做一个删除标志位，同时不在允许新的进程进程读取，当在没有任何进程读取时系统会自动删除
shmop_delete($shm_id);
#关闭该内存段
shmop_close($shm_id);

2. Use the sem class function in the Semaphore extension (more convenient to use, similar to key-value format)

// Get the file token key
$key = ftok(__DIR__, 'a');
// 创建一个共享内存
$shm_id = shm_attach($key, 1024, 777); // resource type
if ($shm_id === false) {
  die('Unable to create the shared memory segment');
}
#设置一个值
shm_put_var($shm_id, 111, 'value');
#删除一个key
//shm_remove_var($shm_id, 111);
#获取一个值
$value = shm_get_var($shm_id, 111);
var_dump($value);
#检测一个key是否存在
// var_dump(shm_has_var($shm_id, 111));
#从系统中移除
shm_remove($shm_id);
#关闭和共享内存的连接
shm_detach($shm_id);

Note: These two methods are not universal

A message queue implemented using shared memory and semaphores

/**
* 使用共享内存和信号量实现
* 
* 支持多进程, 支持各种数据类型的存储
* 注: 完成入队或出队操作,尽快使用unset(), 以释放临界区
*
*/
class ShmQueue
{
  private $maxQSize = 0; // 队列最大长度
  private $front = 0; // 队头指针
  private $rear = 0; // 队尾指针
  private $blockSize = 256; // 块的大小(byte)
  private $memSize = 25600; // 最大共享内存(byte)
  private $shmId = 0;
  private $filePtr = './shmq.ptr';
  private $semId = 0;
  public function __construct ()
  {
    $shmkey = ftok(__FILE__, 't');
    $this->shmId = shmop_open($shmkey, "c", 0644, $this->memSize);
    $this->maxQSize = $this->memSize / $this->blockSize;
    // 申請一个信号量
    $this->semId = sem_get($shmkey, 1);
    sem_acquire($this->semId); // 申请进入临界区
    $this->init();
  }
  private function init ()
  {
    if (file_exists($this->filePtr)) {
      $contents = file_get_contents($this->filePtr);
      $data = explode('|', $contents);
      if (isset($data[0]) && isset($data[1])) {
        $this->front = (int) $data[0];
        $this->rear = (int) $data[1];
      }
    }
  }
  public function getLength ()
  {
    return (($this->rear - $this->front + $this->memSize) % ($this->memSize)) /
         $this->blockSize;
  }
  public function enQueue ($value)
  {
    if ($this->ptrInc($this->rear) == $this->front) { // 队满
      return false;
    }
    $data = $this->encode($value);
    shmop_write($this->shmId, $data, $this->rear);
    $this->rear = $this->ptrInc($this->rear);
    return true;
  }
  public function deQueue ()
  {
    if ($this->front == $this->rear) { // 队空
      return false;
    }
    $value = shmop_read($this->shmId, $this->front, $this->blockSize - 1);
    $this->front = $this->ptrInc($this->front);
    return $this->decode($value);
  }
  private function ptrInc ($ptr)
  {
    return ($ptr + $this->blockSize) % ($this->memSize);
  }
  private function encode ($value)
  {
    $data = serialize($value) . "__eof";
    echo '';
    echo strlen($data);
    echo '';
    echo $this->blockSize - 1;
    echo '';
    if (strlen($data) > $this->blockSize - 1) {
      throw new Exception(strlen($data) . " is overload block size!");
    }
    return $data;
  }
  private function decode ($value)
  {
    $data = explode("__eof", $value);
    return unserialize($data[0]);
  }
  public function __destruct ()
  {
    $data = $this->front . '|' . $this->rear;
    file_put_contents($this->filePtr, $data);
    sem_release($this->semId); // 出临界区, 释放信号量
  }
}
/*
 * // 进队操作 $shmq = new ShmQueue(); $data = 'test data'; $shmq->enQueue($data);
 * unset($shmq); // 出队操作 $shmq = new ShmQueue(); $data = $shmq->deQueue();
 * unset($shmq);
 */

Use the ipc command to view under Linux, and use the ipcrm command to delete

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