Introduction to closure in php

<?phpclass A {private static $sfoo = 1;private $ifoo = 2;
}$cl1 = static function() {return A::$sfoo;
};$cl2 = function() {return $this->ifoo;
};$bcl1 = Closure::bind($cl1, null, 'A');$bcl2 = Closure::bind($cl2, new A(), 'A');echo $bcl1(), "\n";//输出 1echo $bcl2(), "\n";//输出 2

<?phpclass A {public $base = 100;
}class B {private $base = 1000;
}class C {private static $base = 10000;
}$f = function () {return $this->base + 3;
};$sf = static function() {return self::$base + 3;
};$a = Closure::bind($f, new A);print_r($a());//这里输出103,绑定到A类echo PHP_EOL;$b = Closure::bind($f, new B , 'B');print_r($b());//这里输出1003，绑定到B类echo PHP_EOL;$c = $sf->bindTo(null, 'C'); //注意这里：使用变量#sf绑定到C类，默认第一个参数为nullprint_r($c());//这里输出10003

<?php/**
 * 复制一个闭包，绑定指定的$this对象和类作用域。
 *
 * @author fantasy */class Animal {private static $cat = "加菲猫";private $dog = "汪汪队";public $pig = "猪猪侠";
}/*
 * 获取Animal类静态私有成员属性 */$cat = static function() {return Animal::$cat;
};/*
 * 获取Animal实例私有成员属性 */$dog = function() {return $this->dog;
};/*
 * 获取Animal实例公有成员属性 */$pig = function() {return $this->pig;
};$bindCat = Closure::bind($cat, null, new Animal());// 给闭包绑定了Animal实例的作用域，但未给闭包绑定$this对象$bindDog = Closure::bind($dog, new Animal(), 'Animal');// 给闭包绑定了Animal类的作用域，同时将Animal实例对象作为$this对象绑定给闭包$bindPig = Closure::bind($pig, new Animal());// 将Animal实例对象作为$this对象绑定给闭包,保留闭包原有作用域echo $bindCat(),'<br>';// 输出：加菲猫，根据绑定规则，允许闭包通过作用域限定操作符获取Animal类静态私有成员属性echo $bindDog(),'<br>';// 输出：汪汪队, 根据绑定规则，允许闭包通过绑定的$this对象(Animal实例对象)获取Animal实例私有成员属性echo $bindPig(),'<br>';// 输出：猪猪侠, 根据绑定规则，允许闭包通过绑定的$this对象获取Animal实例公有成员属性

<?php/**
 * 给类动态添加新方法
 *
 * @author fantasy */trait DynamicTrait {/**
     * 自动调用类中存在的方法     */public function __call($name, $args) {if(is_callable($this->$name)){return call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
        }else{throw new \RuntimeException("Method {$name} does not exist");
        }
    }/**
     * 添加方法     */public function __set($name, $value) {$this->$name = is_callable($value)?$value->bindTo($this, $this):$value;
    }
}/**
 * 只带属性不带方法动物类
 *
 * @author fantasy */class Animal {use DynamicTrait;private $dog = '汪汪队';
}$animal = new Animal;// 往动物类实例中添加一个方法获取实例的私有属性$dog$animal->getdog = function() {return $this->dog;
};echo $animal->getdog();//输出 汪汪队

<?php/**
 * 一个基本的购物车，包括一些已经添加的商品和每种商品的数量
 *
 * @author fantasy */class Cart {// 定义商品价格const PRICE_BUTTER  = 10.00;const PRICE_MILK    = 30.33;const PRICE_EGGS    = 80.88; protected   $products = array();/**
     * 添加商品和数量
     *
     * @access public
     * @param string 商品名称
     * @param string 商品数量     */public function add($item, $quantity) {$this->products[$item] = $quantity;
    }/**
     * 获取单项商品数量
     *
     * @access public
     * @param string 商品名称     */public function getQuantity($item) {return isset($this->products[$item]) ? $this->products[$item] : FALSE;
    }/**
     * 获取总价
     *
     * @access public
     * @param string 税率     */public function getTotal($tax) {$total = 0.00;$callback = function ($quantity, $item) use ($tax, &$total) {$pricePerItem = constant(__CLASS__ . "::PRICE_" . strtoupper($item)); //调用以上对应的常量$total += ($pricePerItem * $quantity) * ($tax + 1.0);
        };array_walk($this->products, $callback);return round($total, 2);
    }
}$my_cart = new Cart;// 往购物车里添加商品及对应数量$my_cart->add('butter', 10);$my_cart->add('milk', 3);$my_cart->add('eggs', 12);// 打出出总价格，其中有 3% 的销售税.echo $my_cart->getTotal(0.03);//输出 1196.4

Additional note: Closures can use the USE key to connect external variables.
Summary: The characteristics of PHP closures can actually achieve similar or even more powerful functions using CLASS, let alone the closures of js. We can only look forward to improvements in PHP's closure support in the future. However, anonymous functions are still quite useful. For example, when using functions such as preg_replace_callback, you don't need to declare a callback function externally. Proper use of closures can make code more concise and refined.