Performance optimization index The index points to a location in the database where specific data is located. Creating an index on the column can arrange the information on the column. When the server needs to access this information for a query, it will know where to look because the index points to the relevant location. If a column is involved in querying, grouping, and sorting, the index will improve performance. Indexes with many duplicate values will not produce good results. You can use tables to join multiple non-unique indexes to improve performance. The more indexes, the better the performance is not necessarily. Adding an index does not necessarily improve performance. Query cache When running a select query, MySQL4.x will record the query and return results. This is accomplished by saving the result set in a special cache each time a select query is made. Then, when the server is asked to do the same query again, MySQL will retrieve the results from the cache rather than running the query again. This feature is enabled by default. Note that once a table changes, cached queries using this table become invalid and will be removed from the cache. This prevents queries from returning inaccurate data from the old table. Often
1. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Drifting (6)

Introduction: Performance optimization index index points to a location in the database where specific data is located. Colleagues create an index on the column to arrange the information on the column. When the server needs to access this information for a query, it will know where to look because the index points to the relevant location. If a column is involved in querying, grouping, and sorting, the index will improve performance. Indexes with many duplicate values will not produce good results. You can use tables to join multiple non-unique indexes to improve performance. The more indexes, the better the performance is not necessarily. Adding an index does not necessarily improve performance.
2. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Drifting (V)

## Introduction: Transaction What is a transaction? A transaction consists of one or more SQL statements as a single unit. Each SQL statement in this unit is interdependent, and the unit as a whole is indivisible. If a statement in the unit cannot complete successfully, the entire unit will be rolled back and all affected data will be returned to the state before the transaction started. Therefore, only when all statements in the transaction are successfully executed can the transaction be said to be successfully executed. Four characteristics of transactions: Atomicity, each transaction must be considered an indivisible unit. Consistent
3. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Drifting (4)

Introduction: Join Cross Join The simplest type of join is a cross join, which involves multiplying the tables to create an all-encompassing product. Example: select * from student,person;//The result is a combination of the two tables. All columns of the two tables are combined to produce a result set containing all possible combinations. This type is called a cross join, and the number of rows in the resulting table after the join is the same multiplied by the number of rows in each table used for the join. The above cross-connection will have a great impact on the performance of the database server, so use
4 in the connection. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Wanderings (3)

Introduction: Function mathematics function requirements: 1) The absolute value of -123; 2) 100,88, 33,156 takes the maximum value; Aggregation function MySQL has a set of functions that are specially designed for summation or centralized summary of data in the table. These functions are often used in select queries containing group by clauses. Of course, they can also be used for Query without group 1) Among this set of functions, the most commonly used is the COUNT() function, which calculates the number of rows in the result set that contain at least one non-null value select co
5. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Drifting (2)

# Introduction: Operators Arithmetic operators MySQL supports most common arithmetic operators that allow us to perform calculations. "+ (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division, return quotient), % (division, return remainder)", as in the following example: select 1+2; //Addition operation, the result is 3 select 2-1;//Subtraction operation, the result is 1 select 3*2;//Multiplication operation, the result is 6 select 6/2;//Division operation, the result is 3 select 25%7;//Division operation
6. In-depth understanding of MySQL Advanced Drifting (1)

Introduction: Numeric types Numeric types are roughly divided into two categories: one is an integer, and the other is a floating point number or decimal. The commonly used integer type is the int type, and the allowed range is between (-2147483648, 2147483648). Common types of floating point numbers or decimals are: float, double and decimal types. float type (single-precision floating-point value); double type (double-precision floating-point value); decimal type (used in calculations that require very high precision; these types allow the precision and count of the value to be specified
7. Mysql Advanced (Twenty-five) Solve the database NO CONNECTION problem

Introduction: When the application connects to the database, it prompts that the database connection failed. Open the database and view the following. Mysql Advanced (24) Summary of methods to defend against SQL injection
## Introduction: This article mainly explains the methods to defend against SQL injection. It introduces what injection is, what are the reasons for injection, and how to defend against it. Friends who need it can refer to it 
mysql Advanced (Twenty-three) Database Transactions. Four major characteristics
Introduction: The atomicity of a transaction means that the program included in the transaction acts as a database A logical unit of work, the data modification operations it performs are either all performed or not performed at all. 
mysql advanced. (22) MySQL error: Incorrect string value: '\xE7\x81\xAB\xE7\x8B\x90... Incorrect Chinese character input
Introduction: During the experiment, the output parameters need to be written to the database. During the writing process, an error occurred when executing the lab_dynamic_order.upd_upd() statement. I didn’t understand it at first. There is something wrong. I tried to ask Du Niang for help. Some people on the Internet said that it was because of the input of Chinese characters, so I copied the string containing Chinese characters to be written to MySQL, and an Incorrect string value: ' appeared when saving. \xE7\x81\xAB\xE7\x8B\x90...' for column 'tout' at row 1 error message. Then another search, the solution is as follows: 
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Explain the role of InnoDB redo logs and undo logs.Apr 15, 2025 am 12:16 AMInnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.
What are the key metrics to look for in an EXPLAIN output (type, key, rows, Extra)?Apr 15, 2025 am 12:15 AMKey metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.
What is the Using temporary status in EXPLAIN and how to avoid it?Apr 15, 2025 am 12:14 AMUsingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB
Describe the different SQL transaction isolation levels (Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable) and their implications in MySQL/InnoDB.Apr 15, 2025 am 12:11 AMMySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.
MySQL vs. Other Databases: Comparing the OptionsApr 15, 2025 am 12:08 AMMySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.
How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:18 AMMySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.
MySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersApr 14, 2025 am 12:16 AMThe MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.
Real-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesApr 14, 2025 am 12:15 AMMySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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