Python file types

Python’s file types are mainly divided into three types: source code (source file), bytecode (byte-code file), and optimized bytecode (optimized file). These codes can be run directly without compilation or linking. This is exactly the characteristic of the Python language. Python files are interpreted and run by python.exe and pythonw.exe.

1. Source code

The source file of Python has the extension name "py" and is interpreted and run by python.exe, which can be run under the console. "pyw" is the extension of a graphical development user interface (GUI) file. As a desktop application, this file is used to develop graphical interfaces and is interpreted and run by pythonw.exe.

Both "py" and "pyw" files can be opened and edited with a text editor.

2. Byte code

After compilation, the Python source file generates an extension of "pyc". This file cannot be opened or edited with a text editor. "pyc" files are platform-independent, so Python programs can run on Windows, Unix, and Linux systems.

You can compile the "py" file into a "pyc" file by running the script.

import py_compile2 py_compile.compile("hello.py")

After running, you can get the "hello.pyc" file. The "pyc" file is stored under __pycache__ in the source file path. See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3147/

Run:

3. Optimize the code

The optimized code generates a file with the extension "pyo". This type of file cannot be opened or edited with a text editor. Files of type "pyo" need to be generated through command line tools. Win+R starts the command line, enters the directory where the "py" file is located, and enters the command to compile.

python -o -m py_compile hello.py

"-o" means generating optimized code

"-m" means running the py_compile module as a script. Compiling the code requires Call the compile() method of the py_compile module.

Currently, the format with "pyo" as the extension has been deprecated, and "pyc" is used as the extension to distinguish the file names. See: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0488/

After running the command, xxx.cpython-xx.opt- will be generated in the __pycache__ directory in the folder where the source file is located. x.pyc file.

For example, after compiling the hello.py file, the hello.cpython-35.opt-1.pyc file is generated.

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