SQL Server可以支持WMI alert,因此我们可以使用WMI event 来监控SQL Server中的某些事件发生,并在此时出发SQL Server alert,指定执行我们需要的语句。 以下是WMI alert的一个示例脚本: IF OBJECT_ID('DeadlockEvents', 'U') IS NOT NULL BEGIN DROP TABL
SQL Server可以支持WMI alert,因此我们可以使用WMI event 来监控SQL Server中的某些事件发生,并在此时出发SQL Server alert,指定执行我们需要的语句。
以下是WMI alert的一个示例脚本:
IF OBJECT_ID('DeadlockEvents', 'U') IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
DROP TABLE DeadlockEvents ;
END ;
GO
CREATE TABLE DeadlockEvents
(AlertTime DATETIME, DeadlockGraph XML) ;
GO
-- Add a job for the alert to run.
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_job @job_name=N'Capture Deadlock Graph',
@enabled=1,
@description=N'Job for responding to DEADLOCK_GRAPH events' ;
GO
-- Add a jobstep that inserts the current time and the deadlock graph into
-- the DeadlockEvents table.
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobstep
@job_name = N'Capture Deadlock Graph',
@step_name=N'Insert graph into LogEvents',
@step_id=1,
@on_success_action=1,
@on_fail_action=2,
@subsystem=N'TSQL',
@command= N'INSERT INTO DeadlockEvents
(AlertTime, DeadlockGraph)
VALUES (getdate(), N''$(ESCAPE_SQUOTE(WMI(TextData))))',
@database_name=N'AdventureWorks' ;
GO
-- Set the job server for the job to the current instance of SQL Server.
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_jobserver @job_name = N'Capture Deadlock Graph' ;
GO
-- Add an alert that responds to all DEADLOCK_GRAPH events for
-- the default instance. To monitor deadlocks for a different instance,
-- change MSSQLSERVER to the name of the instance.
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_add_alert @name=N'Respond to DEADLOCK_GRAPH',
@wmi_namespace=N'\\.\root\Microsoft\SqlServer\ServerEvents\MSSQLSERVER',
@wmi_query=N'SELECT * FROM DEADLOCK_GRAPH',
@job_name='Capture Deadlock Graph' ;
GO
这个脚本是用WMI事件来监控SQL Server有没有deadlock 发生,如果发生了deadlock,就调用一个job,把相关的内如写入我们事先创建好的表中。
在SSMS 里面用图形界面创建WMI alert如下:
这两种方式都需要指定SQL Server WMI的namespace。
我们可以从这里得到当前SQL实例的WMI namespace的路径:
那么,创建WMI alert的过程究竟是怎样的呢?
SQL Server的WMI event provider 包含在Sqlwep100.dll 中。在我们创建WMI alert时,WMI service需要先将Sqlwep100.dll 装载并且初始化。
当SQL Server 调用WMI query的时候,会有一个对应的WMIPRVSE.exe 被启动。
WMIPRVSE.exe 启动后,装载Sqlwep100.dll并且做provider 初始化,初始化包含以下几个过程:
a. sqlwep100!CSQLServerEventProvider::Initialize --开始初始化
b. sqlwep100!CSQLServerEventProvider::HrConnectToSQL---连接SQL Server master database
c. sqlwep100!CSQLServerEventProvider::FIsServiceBrokerEnabled –检查 MSDB上”broker enabled”有没有启用
d. sqlwep100!CSBDeployment::CreateDeploymentIfNecessary –创建WMI alert 在SQL Server中所需要的对象。
对于我们文中的实例,需要创建以下对象:
IF NOT EXISTS(select * from sys.service_queues where name='WMIEventProviderNotificationQueue') CREATE QUEUE WMIEventProviderNotificationQueue;
IF NOT EXISTS(select * from sys.services where name='SQL/Notifications/ProcessWMIEventProviderNotification/v1.0') CREATE SERVICE [SQL/Notifications/ProcessWMIEventProviderNotification/v1.0] ON QUEUE WMIEventProviderNotificationQueue( [http://schemas.microsoft.com/SQL/Notifications/PostEventNotification] );
IF NOT EXISTS(select * from sys.server_event_notifications where name='SQLWEP_RECHECK_SUBSCRIPTIONS') CREATE EVENT NOTIFICATION SQLWEP_RECHECK_SUBSCRIPTIONS ON SERVER WITH FAN_IN FOR ALTER_LOGIN, DROP_LOGIN, ALTER_USER, DROP_USER, ADD_ROLE_MEMBER, DROP_ROLE_MEMBER, ADD_SERVER_ROLE_MEMBER, DROP_SERVER_ROLE_MEMBER, DENY_SERVER, REVOKE_SERVER, DENY_DATABASE, REVOKE_DATABASE TO SERVICE 'SQL/Notifications/ProcessWMIEventProviderNotification/v1.0', 'current database';
SELECT service_broker_guid FROM sys.databases WHERE name='msdb'
从windows的task manager中我们可以观察到,SQL Server对应的WMIPRVSE.exe 的启动用户是system. 从SQL Server 2008 开始, builtin\administrator 用户组默认已经从SQL Server的login中移除了。 在上述列出的a, b, c, d 四个步骤中,b, d 两个步骤都可能会遇到权限问题。
b. 连接SQL Server master database—我们需要将NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM 加入到SQL login中,并且grant “public”用户组
c. MSDB的”broker enabled” 启用:
d. 执行创建对象的脚本需要给用户NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM赋予以下权限:
use [master]
GO
GRANT ALTER ANY EVENT NOTIFICATION TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT AUTHENTICATE SERVER TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT CONTROL SERVER TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT CREATE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT CREATE TRACE EVENT NOTIFICATION TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT VIEW ANY DEFINITION TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT CONTROL ON LOGIN::[ SQL_starting_account] TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT IMPERSONATE ON LOGIN::[ SQL_starting_account] TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
use [master]
GO
GRANT VIEW DEFINITION ON LOGIN::[ SQL_starting_account] TO [NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM]
GO
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