sql alter table语句用法

原创: 2016-06-07 17:48:57 2673浏览

ALTER TABLE语句允许您重命名一个现有的表。它也可以被用于从现有的表添加，修改或删除一列,下面我们来看看alter语句的多种用法吧。

重命名表
重命名表的基本语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME TO new_table_name;

For example:

ALTER TABLE suppliers

这将重命名的供应商表供应商。

表中添加列（S）
语法＃1

要添加到现有的表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD column_name column-definition;

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
ADD supplier_name varchar2(50);

这会增加供应商表中的列称为supplier_name。

语法＃2

要添加到现有表的多个列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD ( column_1 column-definition,
column_2 column-definition,
...
column_n column_definition );

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
ADD ( supplier_name varchar2(50),
city varchar2(45) );

这将增加两列（supplier_name市）的供应商表。

修改表中的列（S）
语法＃1

要修改现有表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY column_name column_type;

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
MODIFY supplier_name varchar2(100) not null;

这将修改所谓supplier_name，是一个VARCHAR2数据类型（100），并迫使列不允许空值的列。

语法＃2

要修改现有表中的多个列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
MODIFY ( column_1 column_type,
column_2 column_type,
...
column_n column_type );

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
MODIFY ( supplier_name varchar2(100) not null,
city varchar2(75) );

这将修改supplier_name和城市列。

（S）在一个表中删除列
语法＃1

要删除一个现有的表列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

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ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
DROP COLUMN supplier_name;

这将下降supplier_name名为供应商的表列。

在表重命名列（S）
（新在Oracle 9i第2版）
语法＃1

在Oracle9i第2版开始，你现在可以重命名列。

要在现有的表重命名列，ALTER TABLE的语法是：

代码如下

复制代码

ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME COLUMN old_name to new_name;

For example:

ALTER TABLE supplier
RENAME COLUMN supplier_name to sname;

This will rename the column called supplier_name to sname.

Acknowledgements: Thanks to Dave M., Craig A., and Susan W. for contributing to this solution!

Practice Exercise #1:

Based on the departments table below, rename the departments table to depts.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would rename the departments table to depts:

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE departments RENAME TO depts;

Practice Exercise #2:

Based on the employees table below, add a column called salary that is a number(6) datatype.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would add a salary column to the employees table:

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE employees ADD salary number(6);

Practice Exercise #3:

Based on the customers table below, add two columns - one column called contact_name that is a varchar2(50) datatype and one column called last_contacted that is a date datatype.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50) not null, address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would add the contact_name and last_contacted columns to the customers table:

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE customers ADD ( contact_name varchar2(50), last_contacted date );

Practice Exercise #4:

Based on the employees table below, change the employee_name column to a varchar2(75) datatype.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would change the datatype for the employee_name column to varchar2(75):

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE employees MODIFY employee_name varchar2(75);

Practice Exercise #5:

Based on the customers table below, change the customer_name column to NOT allow null values and change the state column to a varchar2(2) datatype.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id number(10) not null, customer_name varchar2(50), address varchar2(50), city varchar2(50), state varchar2(25), zip_code varchar2(10), CONSTRAINT customers_pk PRIMARY KEY (customer_id) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would modify the customer_name and state columns accordingly in the customers table:

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE customers MODIFY ( customer_name varchar2(50) not null, state varchar2(2) );

Practice Exercise #6:

Based on the employees table below, drop the salary column.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE employees ( employee_number number(10) not null, employee_name varchar2(50) not null, department_id number(10), salary number(6), CONSTRAINT employees_pk PRIMARY KEY (employee_number) );

Solution:

The following ALTER TABLE statement would drop the salary column from the employees table:

代码如下	复制代码
ALTER TABLE employees DROP COLUMN salary;

Practice Exercise #7:

Based on the departments table below, rename the department_name column to dept_name.

代码如下	复制代码
CREATE TABLE departments ( department_id number(10) not null, department_name varchar2(50) not null, CONSTRAINT departments_pk PRIMARY KEY (department_id) );

解决方案：

下面的ALTER TABLE语句将重新命名department_name列dept_name部门表：