由于公司ERP系统的平台为RedHat Linux ES4+ORACLE10g,暂时交由我进行维护,所以想借此机会学习一下Linux,对自己的要求不高,就是能
由于公司ERP系统的平台为RedHat Linux ES4+Oracle10g,暂时交由我进行维护,所以想借此机会学习一下Linux,对自己的要求不高,就是能在Linux上安装成功Oracle,然后会备份和恢复数据库.首先就在当当网上买了一本的书,由清华出版社翻译的,经过一段时间的阅读,可以说对我的学习没有任何实质性的帮助,建议初学者不要买这本书.
我首先尝试的是在红帽Linux ES4安装Oracle10g,经过若干天的尝试,同时也下载了许多的资料一步一步的做,最后都是不成功,最主要的是在进入Oracle安装的时候,老是检查出来安装的一些RPM包版本不对,人搞得很烦燥,并且本人对Linux也是一菜鸟,因此在这之后的好长一段时间都没再去尝试了.
最后在Oracle.com.cn的论坛上看到了小布老师专门给菜鸟制作的视频讲座,才又开始新的学习.终于按照视频里的一步一步,安装成功了11g.其实我的文章就是根据视频里的步骤再复述了一遍,我的最大目的是温习一下安装的过程,让自己更熟练一些.,同时也给同级别的菜鸟一些学习的信心.
操作平台:VMWARE6.0+CentOS4.5.(可在下载).大家注意,Linux版本的不同会给菜鸟带来很多纳闷的困扰,我建议如果想按照这篇文章安装,就一定要下载这个Linux版本,它是免费的,不会像红帽一样涉及到版权的问题.可以说等于红帽的ES4版本.
数据库版本:Oracle11G R1(我是在emule上下载的)
辅助软件:SecureCRT Filezella AdobeAcrobatReader
硬件:内存 1GB 硬盘空间>18GB
我下载的是DVD版本的OS,在虚拟机软件中先将OS载入到了光驱中.
在Linux中,一定要注意大小写.特别是命令.
首先在虚拟机软件中安装CentOS,在安装时,
1 SWAP分区我设置了2048MB即内存的2倍,其它空间都装载到了"/"根目录,共计两个分区
2 配置好静态IP地址
3 选择"自定义安装",安装必需的软件包"GNOME图形界面" ,Developments Tools和Legacy Softeare Development, Editors.其它可以不必安装,节省资源.
安装完成OS后.
1 利用SecreCRT利用SSH登录至Linux,我大部分的操作都在这上面进行,因为VMWARE中OS切换很不方便 .并且 在实际环境中,管理中也都是通过SSH远程登录维护Linux,非常方便.
2 利有开源的FileZella FTP工具SSH连接至Linux,传入下载的Oracle文件,我下载的为.ZIP格式.
3 首先修改/etc/inittab文件,将其中的id:5:initdefault:中数字5改成3.就是将启动后进入图形界面改成进入字符界面,以节省资源.这个操作我以前一直想学习到,没想到在这里知道了,当时非常的开心.所以说,会安装Oracle后,一些常见的Linux命令操作也都学习到了. 改完后输入reboot重启一下OS
4 打开Oracle.ZIP中的b32002.pdf文档,从第2节开始就是讲的怎样安装Oracle.用来做参考,同时一些代码可以直接从PDF中COPY,非常方便.
5 检查PDF文档中要求的必需RPM包是否已安装 . 命令:rpm -qa | grep 包名称.
一般都是有6个包未安装,打开OS的映像文件,打开其中的RPMS目录,将6个包提取出来,再FTP到Linux目录下.同时,在其目录下输入rpm -ivh *.rpm安装所有包.OK
binutils-2.15.92.0.2-18
compat-libstdc++-33.2.3-47.3
elfutils-libelf-0.97-5
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5
glibc-2.3.9.4-2.19
glibc-common-2.3.9.4-2.19
glibc-devel-2.3.9.4-2.19
gcc-3.4.5-2
gcc-c++-3.4.5-2
libaio-devel-0.3.105-2
libaio-0.3.105-2
libgcc-3.4.5
libstdc++-3.4.5-2
libstdc++-devel-3.4.5-2
make-3.80-5
sysstat-5.0.5
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
6 创建Oracle组和用户,安装目录和权限
mkdir -p /u01/Oracle
groupadd dba
groupadd oinstall
useradd -g oinstall -G -d /u01/Oracle Oracle
passwd Oracle 设置密码
chown -R Oracle:oinstall /u01
ls -l 命令查看是否生效.
7 vi /etc/hosts
修改该文件,加入 你的LinuxIP地址 主机名称
主机名称可用hostname查看.
8 检查进程数fs-filemax值,应该是10260这个数值,除以512后为进程数值.具体作用不太明白,这是值是系统会给出的,我们也不要去改.命令为:cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
9 修改/etc/sysctl.conf,加入以下内容:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
结束后,
/sbin/sysctl -p 执行一下.
10 修改/etc/security/limits.conf,加入内容
Oracle soft nproc 2047
Oracle hard nproc 16384
Oracle soft nofile 1024
Oracle hard nofile 65536
11 修改/etc/pam.d/login,加入内容
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
12 修改/etc/profile,加入内容
if [ $USER = "Oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
12 使用Oracle用户登录,修改.bash_profie文件
su - Oracle
vi .bash_profile 加入以下内容
Oracle_BASE=/u01
Oracle_HOME=$Oracle_BASE/Oracle
Oracle_SID=wilson
PATH=$Oracle_HOME/bin:$PATH
export Oracle_BASE Oracle_HOME Oracle_SID PATH
完成
13 用root用户将FTP至Linux中的Oracle安装文件移动到
mv ****.zip /u01/Oracle/
unzip *.zip 命令进行解压.完成后,所以安装文件都会在u01/Oracle/database下.
使用
chown -R Oracle:oinstall database/
修改目录归属
14 使用Oracle用户登陆,输入startx ,进入图形界面,然后再进入安装目录输入
./runInstaller开始安装.
选择高级安装,进行自定义安装
在安装中,会出现一个关于oraInventory目录的警告 ,点击OK,不用理会继续即可,在随后的窗口中将/oraInventory修改为/u01/oraInventory.
随后参数都是默认,在安装中会弹出一个要求执行u01/oraInventory/oraInstRoot.sh和/u01/Oracle /root.sh的提示框,可在secureCRT中,以ROOT用户执行这两个文件 ,一定要注意大小写,其入进行End of installtion窗口,安装结束.
15 输入netca命令进行侦听配置.其中参数一律默认即可.可以用ps -ef 查看该服务是否已启用.
16 输入dbca命令,进行数据库的创建,下面我列出的是一些注意事项
选择gernel purpose,在SID和全局名称中,选择你在.bash_profile中创建的SID.
在Character Sets字符集选项中选择第2项AL32UTF8.
OK,完成.
17 进入u01/Oracle/oradata目录,查看一下会出现一些数据库文件 .
ps -ef查看会增加更多的Oracle相关服务
18 在图形界面中选择LogOut退出至字符界面
19 创建一个实例进行最后测试
注意:在数据库操作中都是用Oracle用户执行命令.
输入
[Oracle@computer ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Dec 11 15:32:23 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create table testbl ( id integer , name char(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into testbl values ( 0 , 'wilson' );
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from testbl;
ID NAME
---------- ----------
0 wilson
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
Oracle instance shut down.
SQL> !ps -ef
exit
全部完成,推荐大家一定要看看小布教师的视频讲座.
[Oracle@computer ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Tue Dec 11 15:00:41 2007
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

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