索引是用来加快查询速度的,事物都有双面性的,同时在每次插入、更新和删除操作时都会产生额外的开销。索引有时并不能解决查询慢的问题,一般来说,返回集合中一半以上的结果,全表扫描要比查询索引更高效些。 创建太多索引,会导致插入非常慢,同时还会占用
索引是用来加快查询速度的,事物都有双面性的,同时在每次插入、更新和删除操作时都会产生额外的开销。索引有时并不能解决查询慢的问题,一般来说,返回集合中一半以上的结果,全表扫描要比查询索引更高效些。 创建太多索引,会导致插入非常慢,同时还会占用很大空间。可以通过explain和hint工具来分析。 索引有方向的,倒序还是升序。 每个集合默认的最大索引个数为64个。
1. 查看索引
> db.jiunile_events.getIndexes();
[
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"ns" : "jiunile_login.jiunile_events",
"name" : "_id_"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"stmp" : -1
},
"ns" : "jiunile_login.jiunile_events",
"name" : "stmp_-1"
},
{
"v" : 1,
"key" : {
"uid" : 1,
"stmp" : -1
},
"ns" : "jiunile_login.jiunile_events",
"name" : "uid_1_stmp_-1"
}
]
此实例中有三个索引,其中_id是创建表的时候自动创建的索引,不能删除。uid_1_stmp_-1是组合索引。1表示升序,-1表示降序。
2. 创建索引 索引参数有:
option values default backgroud true/false false dropDups true/false false unique true/false false sparse true/false false
常规索引创建
> db.jiunile_posts.ensureIndex({pid:1});
当有大量数据时,创建索引会非常耗时,可以指定到后台执行,只需指定“backgroud:true”即可。如
> db.jiunile_posts.ensureIndex({pid:1},{backgroud:true});
3. 嵌入式索引 为内嵌文档的键创建索引与普通的键创建索引并无差异。
> db.jiunile_posts.ensureIndex({"post.date":1})
4. 文档式索引
> db.jiunile_comments.insert({cid:222, properties:{user:'jiunile', email:'jiunile@jiunile.com'}})
> db.jiunile_comments.ensureIndex({properties:1})
5. 组合索引
> db.jiunile_comments.ensureIndex({"properties.user":1,"properties.email":1})
以下的查询将使用到此索引
> db.jiunile_comments.find({"properties.user":'jiunile',"properties.email":'jiunile@jiunile.com'})
> db.jiunile_comments.find({"properties.user":'jiunile'})
> db.jiunile_comments.find().sort({"properties.user":1})
对多个值进行组合索引,查询时,子查询与索引前缀匹配时,才可以使用该组合索引。
6. 唯一索引 只需要在ensureIndex命名中指定"unique:true"即可。
> db.jiunile_posts.ensureIndex({pid:1},{unique:true})
当为已有的集合创建索引,可能有些数据已经有重复了的,那么创建唯一索引将失败。可以使用dropDups来保留第一个文档,而后的重复文档将删除,这种方法慎重操作。
> db.jiunile_posts.ensureIndex({pid:1},{unique:true, dropDups:true})
7. 强制索引 hint命令可以强制使用某个索引
> db.jiunile_posts.find({pid:{$lt:333}}).hint({pid:1,date:1})
8. 删除索引 删除集合所有索引:
> db.collection.dropIndexes()
删除集合某个索引:
> db.collection.dropIndex({x:1})
9. 重建索引
> db.collection.reIndex()
> db.runCommand({reIndex:'collection'})
重建索引会锁住集合的。用repair命令修复数据库时,会重建索引的。
10. 全文索引 mongodb全文索引是在2.4版本引入的,后面再说这个。
11. explain执行计划 使用explain命令返回查询使用的索引情况,耗时,扫描文档数等等统计信息。
> db.jiunile_events.find({uid:178620830}).explain()
{
"cursor" : "BtreeCursor uid_1_stmp_-1",
"isMultiKey" : false,
"n" : 2,
"nscannedObjects" : 2,
"nscanned" : 2,
"nscannedObjectsAllPlans" : 2,
"nscannedAllPlans" : 2,
"scanAndOrder" : false,
"indexOnly" : false,
"nYields" : 0,
"nChunkSkips" : 0,
"millis" : 4,
"indexBounds" : {
"uid" : [
[
178620830,
178620830
]
],
"stmp" : [
[
{
"$maxElement" : 1
},
{
"$minElement" : 1
}
]
]
},
"server" : "jiunile-191155:27017"
}
字段说明:
cursor:返回游标类型 isMultiKey:是否使用组合索引 n:返回文档数量 nscannedObjects:被扫描的文档数量 nscanned:被检查的文档或索引条目数量 scanAndOrder:是否在内存中排序 indexOnly: nYields:该查询为了等待写操作执行等待的读锁的次数 nChunkSkips: millis:耗时(毫秒) indexBounds:所使用的索引 server: 服务器主机名
12. 开启profiling功能 查看profiling级别:
> db.getProfilingLevel() 0
设置profiling级别:
> db.setProfilingLevel( level , slowms )
> db.setProfilingLevel(2,10)
{ "was" : 0, "slowms" : 100, "ok" : 1 }
profile的级别可以取0,1,2 表示的意义如下:
0 – 不开启 默认级别
1 – 记录慢命令 (默认为>100ms)
2 – 记录所有命令
13. 查询profiling记录 MongoDB Profile 记录是直接存在系统 db 里的,记录位置system.profile 。
> db.system.profile.find().sort({$natural:-1}).limit(1)
{ "ts" : ISODate("2013-07-18T09:56:59.546Z"), "op" : "query", "ns" : "jiunile_event.jiunile_events", "query" : { "$query" : { "uid" : 161484152, "stmp" : { "$gt" : 0 } }, "$orderby" : { "stmp" : -1 } }, "ntoreturn" : 0, "ntoskip" : 0, "nscanned" : 35, "keyUpdates" : 0, "numYield" : 0, "lockStats" : { "timeLockedMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(354), "w" : NumberLong(0) }, "timeAcquiringMicros" : { "r" : NumberLong(3), "w" : NumberLong(3) } }, "nreturned" : 35, "responseLength" : 7227, "millis" : 0, "client" : "10.1.242.209", "user" : "" }
> db.system.profile.find().pretty().limit(1)
{
"ts" : ISODate("2013-07-18T09:53:40.103Z"),
"op" : "query",
"ns" : "jiunile_event.jiunile_event_friends",
"query" : {
"_id" : 195794232
},
"ntoreturn" : 1,
"idhack" : true,
"keyUpdates" : 0,
"numYield" : 0,
"lockStats" : {
"timeLockedMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(45),
"w" : NumberLong(0)
},
"timeAcquiringMicros" : {
"r" : NumberLong(3),
"w" : NumberLong(5)
}
},
"responseLength" : 20,
"millis" : 0,
"client" : "10.1.22.199",
"user" : ""
}
字段说明:
ts: 该命令在何时执行 op: 操作类型 query: 本命令的详细信息 responseLength: 返回结果集的大小 ntoreturn: 本次查询实际返回的结果集 millis: 该命令执行耗时,以毫秒记
14. 修改profiling大小 capped Collections 比普通Collections 的读写效率高。Capped Collections 是高效率的Collection类型,它有如下特点:
a. 固定大小;Capped Collections 必须事先创建,并设置大小:
> db.createCollection("collection", {capped:true, size:100000})
b. Capped Collections 可以insert 和update 操作,不能delete 操作。只能用drop()方法删除整个Collection。
c. 默认基于Insert 的次序排序的。如果查询时没有排序,则总是按照insert 的顺序返回。
d. FIFO。如果超过了Collection 的限定大小,则用FIFO 算法,新记录将替代最先insert的记录
> db.setProfilingLevel(0)
{ "was" : 2, "slowms" : 10, "ok" : 1 }
>
> db.getProfilingLevel()
0
> db.system.profile.drop()
true
> db.createCollection("system.profile",{capped:true, size: 1000000})
{ "ok" : 1 }
> db.system.profile.stats()
{
"ns" : "jiunile_event.system.profile",
"count" : 0,
"size" : 0,
"storageSize" : 1003520,
"numExtents" : 1,
"nindexes" : 0,
"lastExtentSize" : 1003520,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"systemFlags" : 0,
"userFlags" : 0,
"totalIndexSize" : 0,
"indexSizes" : {
},
"capped" : true,
"max" : 2147483647,
"ok" : 1
}
来源:http://www.ttlsa.com/html/1661.html
索引是用来加快查询速度的,事物都有双面性的,同时在每次插入、更新和删除操作时都会产生额外的开销。索引有时并不能解决查询慢的问题,一般来说,返回集合中一半以上的结果,全表扫描要比查询索引更高效些。 创建太多索引,会导致插入非常慢,同时还会占用很大空间。可以通过explain和hint工具来分析。 索引有方向的,倒序还是升序。 每个集合默认的最大索引个数为64个。 1. 查看索引 此实例中有三个索引,其中_id是创建表的时候自动创建的索引,不能删除。uid_1_stmp_-1是组合索引。1表示升序,-1表示降序。 2. 创建索引 索引参数有: 常规索引创建 当有大量数据时,创建索引会非常耗时,可以指定到后台执行,只需指定“backgroud:true”即可。如 3. 嵌入式索引 为内嵌文档的键创建索引与普通的键创建索引并无差异。 4. 文档式索引 5. 组合索引 以下的查询将使用到此索引 对多个值进行组合索引,查询时,子查询与索引前缀匹配时,才可以使用该组合索引。 6. 唯一索引 只需要在ensureIndex命名中指定"unique:true"即可。 当为已有的集合创建索引,可能有些数据已经有重复了的,那么创建唯一索引将失败。可以使用dropDups来保留第一个文档,而后的重复文档将删除,这种方法慎重操作。 7. 强制索引 hint命令可以强制使用某个索引 8. 删除索引 删除集合所有索引: 删除集合某个索引: 9. 重建索引 重建索引会锁住集合的。用repair命令修复数据库时,会重建索引的。 10. 全文索引 mongodb全文索引是在2.4版本引入的,后面再说这个。 11. explain执行计划 使用explain命令返回查询使用的索引情况,耗时,扫描文档数等等统计信息。 字段说明: 12. 开启profiling功能 查看profiling级别: 设置profiling级别: profile的级别可以取0,1,2 表示的意义如下: 0 – 不开启 默认级别 1 – 记录慢命令 [...]
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