一. 测试环境 SQL select * from v$version where rownum=1; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production SQL create table d
一. 测试环境
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum=1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> create table dave as selectobject_id,object_name,object_type,created,timestamp,status from all_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> create table dave2 as select * from dave;
表已创建。
--收集统计信息,这里没有收集直方图:
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SYS',tabname =>'DAVE',estimate_percent => 10 ,method_opt =>'FORCOLUMNS size 1',degree=>10,cascade => true);
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SYS',tabname =>'DAVE2',estimate_percent => 10 ,method_opt =>'FORCOLUMNS size 1',degree=>10,cascade => true);
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
--避免其他影响,先刷新buffer cache:
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
系统已更改。
--查看全表扫描时的执行计划:
SQL> set autot traceonly
SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id;
已选择72762行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3613449503
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id |Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 |SELECT STATEMENT | | 72520 | 3824K| | 695 (1)| 00:00:09 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 72520 | 3824K| 2536K| 695 (1)| 00:00:09 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE2 | 71990 | 1687K| | 213 (1)| 00:00:03 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE | 72520 | 2124K| | 213 (1)| 00:00:03 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
6353 consistent gets
1558 physical reads
0 redo size
3388939 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient
53874 bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client
4852 SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
72762 rows processed
--这里产生了1558的物理读
SQL>
--在object_id上创建索引:
SQL> create index idx_dave_object_idon dave(object_id);
索引已创建。
SQL> create index idx_dave_object_id2 ondave2(object_id);
索引已创建。
--在次查看执行计划:
SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id;
已选择72762行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3613449503
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id |Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 |SELECT STATEMENT | | 72520 | 3824K| | 695 (1)| 00:00:09 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 72520 | 3824K| 2536K| 695 (1)| 00:00:09 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE2 | 71990 | 1687K| | 213 (1)| 00:00:03 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DAVE | 72520 | 2124K| | 213 (1)| 00:00:03 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
6353 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
3388939 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient
53874 bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client
4852 SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
72762 rows processed
这里的物理读为0. 但是还是走的是全表扫描。
--刷新一下buffer,增加索引条件:
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
系统已更改。
SQL> select d1.object_name,d2.object_type fromdave d1,dave2 d2 where d1.object_id=d2.object_id and d1.object_id
已选择98行。
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 504164237
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id |Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 |SELECT STATEMENT | | 3600 | 189K| 23 (5)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 3600 | 189K| 23 (5)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DAVE2 | 3600 | 86400 | 11 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_DAVE_OBJECT_ID2 | 648 | | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 4 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DAVE | 3626 | 106K| 11 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_DAVE_OBJECT_ID | 653| | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"="D2"."OBJECT_ID")
3 -access("D2"."OBJECT_ID"
5 -access("D1"."OBJECT_ID"
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
20 consistent gets
6 physical reads
0 redo size
3317 bytes sent via SQL*Net toclient
590 bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client
8 SQL*Net roundtrips to/fromclient
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
98 rows processed
SQL>
走索引之后,物理读从1558降到6.
二.说明
在上面的测试中,我们看到了索引扫描的类型和多表关联的类型,关于这几种类型的说明,参考:
Oracle 索引扫描的五种类型
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5852106
多表连接的三种方式详解 HASH JOIN MERGE JOINNESTED LOOP
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5826546
从执行计划中,当我们走索引之后,在对应的表上就会出现:
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID
在如下文章中对OracleROWID 有说明。
Oracle Rowid 介绍
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5020718
rowid是伪列(pseudocolumn),在查询结果输出时它被构造出来的。rowid并不会真正存在于表的data block中,其存在于index当中,用来通过rowid来寻找表中的行数据。
ROWID 由以下几部分组成:
1. 数据对象编号:每个数据对象(如表或索引)在创建时都分配有此编号,并且此编号在数据库中是唯一的
2. 相关文件编号:此编号对于表空间中的每个数据文件是唯一的
3. 块编号:表示包含此行的块在数据文件中的位置
4. 行编号:标识块头中行目录位置的位置
Oracle 索引中保存的是我们字段的值和该值对应的rowid,我们根据索引进行查找时,就会返回该block的rowid,然后根据rowid直接去block上去我们需要的数据,因此就出现了:
TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID
因为ROWID 对应一个block,所以当使用TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID时,每次就只能读取一个block。
假设我们我们的数据返回100个ROWID,其中10个row 位于同一个block上,那么我们只需要访问91次block,就可以拿到我们需要的数据。
关于如何确定row记录在哪个block的方法参考:
Oracle rdba和 dba 说明
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6529346
小结:
(1) TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 只出现在使用索引的情况下。
(2) TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID 是单块读,每次只能读取一个block。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
Skype: tianlesoftware
QQ: tianlesoftware@gmail.com
Email: tianlesoftware@gmail.com
Blog: http://www.tianlesoftware.com
Weibo: http://weibo.com/tianlesoftware
Twitter: http://twitter.com/tianlesoftware
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/tianlesoftware
Linkedin: http://cn.linkedin.com/in/tianlesoftware
-------加群需要在备注说明Oracle表空间和数据文件的关系,否则拒绝申请----
DBA1 群:62697716(满); DBA2 群:62697977(满) DBA3 群:62697850(满)
DBA 超级群:63306533(满); DBA4 群:83829929 DBA5群: 142216823
DBA6 群:158654907 DBA7 群:172855474 DBA总群:104207940
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AMInnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.
MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AMCompared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.
Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AMMySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.
MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AMMySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.
MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AMMySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.
MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AMMySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.
The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AMSQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.
MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AMThe basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.






