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This time I will bring you a detailed explanation of the CSS three-column layout. What are the precautions of the CSS three-column layout? Here are practical cases, let’s take a look.
This article introduces the classic CSS three-column layout scheme, share it with everyone, and make a note for yourself. The details are as follows:
Three-column layout, as the name suggests, is fixed on both sides and adaptive in the middle. Three-column layout is very common in development
1. Float layout
The simplest three-column layout is to use float for layout. First, draw the left and right columns:
<style>
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
<p class="container">
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
<p class="main"></p>
</p>
At this time, you can get the distribution of the left and right columns:
Next, let’s look at how to deal with the middle column. We know that float elements will break away from the document flow, and other boxes will ignore this element. (But the text in other boxes will still make room for this element and surround it.) So at this time, you only need to add a normal p in the container container, which will ignore the left and right and fill the entire container. Just In addition, the margin is left right and the space flows out:
<style>
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
.main {
background-color: green;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 120px;
margin-right: 120px;
}
.container {
border: 1px solid black;
}
<p class="container">
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
<p class="main"></p>
</p>
Advantages: Simple
Disadvantages: The middle part is loaded last, which affects the experience when there is a lot of content
2. BFC rules
BFC (Block Formatting Context) rules stipulate that BFC will not overlap floating elements. So if you set the main element as a BFC element:
<style>
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: right;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
.main {
background-color: green;
height: 200px;
overflow: hidden;
}
<p class="container">
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
<p class="main"></p>
</p>
3. Holy Grail Layout
The core of the Holy Grail layout is that the left, middle, and right columns all pass float is floated and then adjusted by negative margin.
The first step is to take a look at the basic layout
<style>
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
.main {
float: left;
width: 100%;
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
<body>
<p class="container">
<p class="main"></p>
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
</p>
</body>
The effect you see at this time is: the left and right columns are squeezed to the second OK. This is because main's width is 100%. Next, we put the left, center, and right in one line by adjusting the margins of the left and right columns:
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: -100%;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: -100px;
background-color: yellow;
}
The second step is to set the margin-left of left to -100%. At this time, the left The column will move to the beginning of the first row. Then set the margin-left of right to the negative value of its width: -100px, and the right column will also be moved to the same line as the left and middle columns:
However It’s not done yet, let’s try to add some text to main:
<body> <p class="container"> <p class="main">fjlskdjflkasjdfljasdljlsjdljsdjflksadj</p> <p class="left"></p> <p class="right"></p> </p> </body>
You can see that the text is suppressed, and we need to solve this problem next.
The third step is to give the container a padding. The padding should be exactly equal to the width of the left and right columns:
.container {
padding-left: 100px;
padding-right: 100px;
}
The result you see at this time is that the left, middle and right columns are all integrated It shrank, but the text was still suppressed.
The fourth step is to add relative layout to the left and right columns, and then move outward by setting the left and right values:
.left {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: -100%;
position: relative;
left: -100px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
float: left;
width: 100px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: -100px;
position: relative;
right: -100px;
background-color: yellow;
}
to So far, you’re done:
4. Double Flying Wing Layout
The first two steps of the double flying wing layout are the same as the Holy Grail layout, except The solution to the problem of partial content in the middle column being blocked is different:
Since the content in the main part will be blocked, add another content inside the main and set its margin to avoid occlusion. The problem This can be solved:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<style>
.main {
float: left;
width: 100%;
}
.content {
height: 200px;
margin-left: 110px;
margin-right: 220px;
background-color: green;
}
.main::after {
display: block;
content: '';
font-size: 0;
height: 0;
clear: both;
zoom: 1;
}
.left {
float: left;
height: 200px;
width: 100px;
margin-left: -100%;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
float: left;
margin-left: -200px;
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="main">
<p class="content"></p>
</p>
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
</body>
</html>
The only thing to note is that you need to add an element after main to clear the float.
5. Flex layout
Flex layout is the trend. It is also very simple to use flex to implement three-column layout, but you need to pay attention to browser compatibility:
<style type="text/css">
.container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.middle {
height: 200px;
background-color: red;
flex-grow: 1;
}
.left {
height: 200px;
order: -1;
margin-right: 20px;
background-color: yellow;
flex: 0 1 200px;
}
.right {
height: 200px;
margin-left: 20px;
background-color: green;
flex: 0 1 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="container">
<p class="middle">fsdfjksdjflkasjdkfjsdkljfklsjadfkljaksdljfskljffjksldfjldsfdskjflsdjfkljsdlfjsldjfklsjdkflj</p>
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
</p>
</body>
There are a few points to note:
main要首先加载就必须写在第一位，但因为left需要显示在最左侧，所以需要设置left的order为-1
flex属性的完整写法是：flex: flex-grow flex-shrink flex-basis 。这也是flex实现三栏布局的核心，main设置flex-grow为1，说明多余空间全部给main，而空间不够时，仅缩小left right部分，同时因为指定了left right部分的flex-basis，所以指定了两者的宽度，保证其显示效果
6. 绝对定位
绝对定位的方式也比较简单，而且可以优先加载主体：
<style type="text/css">
.container {
}
.middle {
position: absolute;
left: 200px;
right: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: yellow;
}
.left {
position: absolute;
left: 0px;
width: 200px;
height: 300px;
background-color: red;
}
.right {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
width: 200px;
background-color: green;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="container">
<p class="middle">fsdfjksdjflkasjdkfjsdkljfklsjadfkljaksdljfskljffjksldfjldsfdskjflsdjfkljsdlfjsldjfklsjdkflj</p>
<p class="left"></p>
<p class="right"></p>
</p>
</body>
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