• 技术文章 >数据库 >mysql教程

    分析MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost?

    藏色散人藏色散人2021-10-18 16:54:39转载108

    MySQL用户中的%到底包不包括localhost?

    1 前言

    操作MySQL的时候发现，有时只建了%的账号，可以通过localhost连接，有时候却不可以，网上搜索也找不到满意的答案，干脆手动测试一波

    推荐学习：《mysql视频教程》

    2 两种连接方法

    这里说的两种连接方法指是执行mysql命令时，-h参数填的是localhost还是IP, 两种连接方式的区别如下

    -h 参数为 localhost

    当-h参数为localhost的时候，实际上是使用socket连接的（默认连接方式）, 实例如下

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket

    从Current user可以看到用户是xx@localhost, 连接方式为Localhost via UNIX socket

    -h 参数为 IP

    当-h参数为IP的时候，实际上是使用TCP连接的, 实例如下

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        11
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8

    从Current user可以看到用户是xx@127.0.0.1, 连接方式为TCP/IP

    3 不同版本的差别

    测试方法就是看能不能连接，如果不想看测试过程可以拉到最后看结论

    3.1 MySQL 8.0

    创建用户

    mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.11    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

    使用 localhost 登录

    [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
...

    使用 IP 登录

    [root@mysql-test-72 ~]# /usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql80/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.11 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:        8
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

    结果显示8.0版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

    3.2 MySQL 5.7

    创建 % 用户

    db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    使用 localhost 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        9
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@localhost
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        Localhost via UNIX socket
....

    使用 IP 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        11
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:    utf8
...

    结果显示5.7版本的MySQL, % 包括localhost

    3.3 MySQL 5.6

    创建用户

    db83-3306>>select version();
+------------+
| version()  |
+------------+
| 5.6.10-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    使用 localhost 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

    使用 IP 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.21, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:        3
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.6.10-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
......
--------------

    结果显示MySQL 5.6的%不包括localhost

    3.4 MySQL 5.1

    创建用户

    mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.1.73    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    使用 localhost 登录

    [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

    使用 IP 登录

    [root@chengqm ~]# mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4901339
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution
========= 省略 ===========

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:        4901339
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server version:        5.1.73 Source distribution
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

    结果显示 5.1 版本的%不包括localhost

    3.5 MariaDB 10.3

    创建用户

    db83-3306>>select version();
+---------------------+
| version()           |
+---------------------+
| 10.3.11-MariaDB-log |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

db83-3306>>create user test_user@'%' identified by 'test_user';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

    使用 localhost 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -hlocalhost
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test_user'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

    使用 IP 登录

    [mysql@mysql-test-83 ~]$ /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql -utest_user -p -h127.0.0.1
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
========= 省略 ===========

MariaDB [(none)]> status
--------------
/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.3.11-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:        12
Current database:    
Current user:        test_user@127.0.0.1
SSL:            Not in use
Current pager:        stdout
Using outfile:        ''
Using delimiter:    ;
Server:            MariaDB
Server version:        10.3.11-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Protocol version:    10
Connection:        127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP

    结果显示MariaDB 10.3的%不包括localhost

    4 结论

    版本用户中的%是否包括localhost
    MySQL8.0包括
    MySQL5.7包括
    MySQL5.6不包括
    MySQL5.1不包括
    MariaDB 10.3不包括

    以上就是分析MySQL用户中的百分号%是否包含localhost?的详细内容，更多请关注php中文网其它相关文章！

    声明：本文转载于：segmentfault，如有侵犯，请联系admin@php.cn删除
    专题推荐：mysql 数据库
    上一篇：深入讨论MySQL 8.0中的全局参数持久化 下一篇：MySQL中什么是索引？索引存储模型浅析
    线上培训班

    相关文章推荐

    • linux php怎么增加mysqli扩展• 深入解析MySQL中SQL的执行流程（图文结合）• 深入讨论MySQL 8.0中的全局参数持久化• php怎么从mysql数据库中读出查询的数据

    全部评论我要评论

  • 取消发布评论发送
    • 1/1

    PHP中文网

    首页 首页课程 课程文章文章问答 问答博客博客词典 词典手册 手册资源 资源搜索 搜索APP下载 APP下载