使用爬虫抓取数据时，经常要用到多个ip代理，防止单个ip访问太过频繁被封禁。
ip代理可以从这个网站获取：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/。
因此写一个python程序来获取ip代理，保存到本地。
python版本：3.6.3
#grab ip proxies from xicidaili
import sys, time, re, requests
from multiprocessing.dummy import Pool as ThreadPool
from lxml import etree
IP_POOL = 'ip_pool.py'
URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' #IP代理 高匿
#URL = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/' #IP代理 http
RUN_TIME = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", time.localtime()) #执行时间
#用字典存放有效ip代理
alive_ip = {'http': [], 'https': []}
#多线程
pool = ThreadPool(20)
#返回html文本
def get_html(url):
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0",
"Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Referer": "https://www.xicidaili.com/",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1"
}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
r.encoding = 'utf-8'
return r.text
#测试ip代理是否存活
def test_alive(proxy):
global alive_ip
proxies = {'http': proxy}
try:
r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=3)
if r.status_code == 200:
if proxy.startswith('https'):
alive_ip['https'].append(proxy)
else:
alive_ip['http'].append(proxy)
except:
print("%s无效!"%proxy)
#解析html文本，获取ip代理
def get_alive_ip_address():
iplist = []
html = get_html(URL)
selector = etree.HTML(html)
table = selector.xpath('//table[@id="ip_list"]')[0]
lines = table.xpath('./tr')[1:]
for line in lines:
speed, connect_time = line.xpath('.//div/@title')
data = line.xpath('./td')
ip = data[1].xpath('./text()')[0]
port = data[2].xpath('./text()')[0]
anonymous = data[4].xpath('./text()')[0]
ip_type = data[5].xpath('./text()')[0]
#过滤掉速度慢和非高匿的ip代理
if float(speed[:-1])>1 or float(connect_time[:-1])>1 or anonymous != '高匿':
continue
iplist.append(ip_type.lower() + '://' + ip + ':' + port)
pool.map(test_alive, iplist)
#把抓取到的有效ip代理写入到本地
def write_txt(output_file):
with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
f.write('#create time: %s\n\n' % RUN_TIME)
f.write('http_ip_pool = \\\n')
f.write(str(alive_ip['http']).replace(',', ',\n'))
f.write('\n\n')
with open(output_file, 'a') as f:
f.write('https_ip_pool = \\\n')
f.write(str(alive_ip['https']).replace(',', ',\n'))
print('write successful: %s' % output_file)
def main():
get_alive_ip_address()
write_txt(output_file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
output_file = sys.argv[1] #第一个参数作为文件名
except:
output_file = IP_POOL
main()运行程序：
root@c:test$ python get_ip_proxies.pywrite successful: ip_pool.py
查看文件：
root@c:test$ vim ip_pool.py
#create time: 2019-03-14 19:53 http_ip_pool = \ ['http://183.148.152.1:9999', 'http://112.85.165.234:9999', 'http://112.87.69.162:9999', 'http://111.77.197.10:9999', 'http://113.64.94.80:8118', 'http://61.184.109.33:61320', 'http://125.126.204.82:9999', 'http://125.126.218.8:9999', 'http://36.26.224.56:9999', 'http://123.162.168.192:40274', 'http://116.209.54.125:9999', 'http://183.148.148.211:9999', 'http://111.177.161.111:9999', 'http://116.209.58.245:9999', 'http://183.148.143.38:9999', 'http://116.209.55.218:9999', 'http://114.239.250.15:9999', 'http://116.209.54.109:9999', 'http://125.123.143.98:9999', 'http://183.6.130.6:8118', 'http://183.148.143.166:9999', 'http://125.126.203.228:9999', 'http://111.79.198.74:9999', 'http://116.209.53.215:9999', 'http://112.87.69.124:9999', 'http://112.80.198.13:8123', 'http://182.88.160.16:8123', 'http://116.209.56.24:9999', 'http://112.85.131.25:9999', 'http://116.209.52.234:9999', 'http://175.165.128.223:1133', 'http://122.4.47.199:8010', 'http://112.85.170.204:9999', 'http://49.86.178.206:9999', 'http://125.126.215.187:9999'] https_ip_pool = \ ['https://183.148.156.98:9999', 'https://111.79.199.167:808', 'https://61.142.72.150:39894', 'https://119.254.94.71:42788', 'https://221.218.102.146:33323', 'https://122.193.246.29:9999', 'https://183.148.139.173:9999', 'https://60.184.194.157:3128', 'https://118.89.138.129:52699', 'https://112.87.71.67:9999', 'https://58.56.108.226:43296', 'https://182.207.232.135:50465', 'https://111.177.186.32:9999', 'https://58.210.133.98:32741', 'https://115.221.116.71:9999', 'https://183.148.140.191:9999', 'https://183.148.130.143:9999', 'https://116.209.54.84:9999', 'https://125.126.219.125:9999', 'https://112.85.167.158:9999', 'https://112.85.173.76:9999', 'https://60.173.244.133:41306', 'https://183.148.147.223:9999', 'https://116.209.53.68:9999', 'https://111.79.198.102:9999', 'https://123.188.5.11:1133', 'https://60.190.66.131:56882', 'https://112.85.168.140:9999', 'https://110.250.65.108:8118', 'https://221.208.39.160:8118', 'https://116.209.53.77:9999', 'https://116.209.58.29:9999', 'https://183.148.141.129:9999', 'https://124.89.33.59:53281', 'https://116.209.57.149:9999', 'https://58.62.238.150:32431', 'https://218.76.253.201:61408']
之后就可以直接使用了
from ip_pool import http_ip_pool, https_ip_pool
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