一致性算法HASH详解

本文实例讲述了PHP实现的一致性HASH算法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

<?php
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Perfect Is Shit
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | PHP实现：一致性HASH算法
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Author: alexander <gt199899@gmail.com>
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Datetime: 2017-01-11 16:01:36
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | Copyright: Perfect Is Shit
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
class ConsistentHashing
{
  // 圆环
  // hash -> 节点
  private $_ring = array();
  // 所有节点
  // 节点 -> hash
  public $nodes = array();
  // 每个节点的虚拟节点
  public $virtual = 64;
  /**
   * 构造
   * @param array $nodes 初始化的节点列表
   */
  public function construct($nodes = array())
  {
    if (!empty($nodes)) {
      foreach ($nodes as $value) {
        $this->addNode($value);
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   * 获取圆环内容
   * @return array $this->_ring
   */
  public function getRing()
  {
    return $this->_ring;
  }
  /**
   * time33 函数
   * @param string $str
   * @return 32位正整数
   * @author 大神们
   */
  public function time33($str)
  {
    // hash(i) = hash(i-1) * 33 + str[i]
    // $hash = 5381; ## 将hash设置为0，竟然比设置为5381分布效果更好！！！
    $hash = 0;
    $s  = md5($str); //相比其它版本，进行了md5加密
    $seed = 5;
    $len = 32;//加密后长度32
    for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) {
      // (hash << 5) + hash 相当于 hash * 33
      //$hash = sprintf("%u", $hash * 33) + ord($s{$i});
      //$hash = ($hash * 33 + ord($s{$i})) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
      $hash = ($hash << $seed) + $hash + ord($s{$i});
    }
    return $hash & 0x7FFFFFFF;
  }
  /**
   * 增加节点
   * @param string $node 节点名称
   * @return object $this
   */
  public function addNode($node)
  {
    if (in_array($node, array_keys($this->nodes))) {
      return;
    }
    for ($i = 1; $i <= $this->virtual; $i++) {
      $key         = $this->time33($node . '-' . $i);
      $this->_ring[$key]  = $node;
      $this->nodes[$node][] = $key;
    }
    ksort($this->_ring, SORT_NUMERIC);
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * 获取字符串的HASH在圆环上面映射到的节点
   * @param string $key
   * @return string $node
   */
  public function getNode($key)
  {
    $node = current($this->_ring);
    $hash = $this->time33($key);
    foreach ($this->_ring as $key => $value) {
      if ($hash <= $key) {
        $node = $value;
        break;
      }
    }
    return $node;
  }
  /**
   * 获取映射到特定节点的KEY
   * 此方法需手动调用，非特殊情况不建议程序中使用此方法
   * @param string $node
   * @param string $keyPre
   * @return mixed
   */
  public function getKey($node, $keyPre = ""){
    if(!in_array($node, array_keys($this->nodes))){
      return false;
    }
    $result = false;
    for($i=1;$i<=10000;$i++){
      $key = $keyPre . md5(rand(1000, 9999));
      if($this->getNode($key) == $node){
        $result = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    return $result ? $key : false;
  }
}
$ch_obj = new ConsistentHashing();
$ch_obj->addNode('node_1');
$ch_obj->addNode('node_2');
$ch_obj->addNode('node_3');
$ch_obj->addNode('node_4');
$ch_obj->addNode('node_5');
$ch_obj->addNode('node_6');
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | 查看key映射到的节点
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
$key1 = "asofiwjamfdalksjfkasasdflasfja";
$key2 = "jaksldfjlasfjsdjfioafaslkjflsadkjfl";
$key3 = "asjldflkjasfsdjflkajkldsjfksajdlflajs";
$key4 = "iowanfasijfmasdnfoas";
$key5 = "pqkisndfhoalnfiewlkl";
$key6 = "qjklasjdifoajfalsjflsa";
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key1, $ch_obj->getNode($key1));
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key2, $ch_obj->getNode($key2));
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key3, $ch_obj->getNode($key3));
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key4, $ch_obj->getNode($key4));
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key5, $ch_obj->getNode($key5));
echo sprintf("%-50s 映射到节点 %s\n", $key6, $ch_obj->getNode($key6));
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | 查看圆环和节点信息
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// var_dump($ch_obj->getRing());
// var_dump($ch_obj->nodes);
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | 获取特定节点的KEY
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// $key1 = $ch_obj->getKey('node_1', 'pre_');
// var_dump($key1);
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// | 测试分布
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------
// $keys = array();
// $rings = array();
// for ($i = 1; $i <= 60000; $i++) {
//   $key = sha1(rand(1000000,9999999));
//   $node = $ch_obj->getNode($key);
//   $rings[$node] = isset($rings[$node]) ? ++$rings[$node] : 1;
// }
// var_dump($rings);

运行结果：

asofiwjamfdalksjfkasasdflasfja           映射到节点 node_1
jaksldfjlasfjsdjfioafaslkjflsadkjfl        映射到节点 node_2
asjldflkjasfsdjflkajkldsjfksajdlflajs       映射到节点 node_1
iowanfasijfmasdnfoas                映射到节点 node_2
pqkisndfhoalnfiewlkl                映射到节点 node_3
qjklasjdifoajfalsjflsa               映射到节点 node_5

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