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    python数据结构之二叉树的遍历实例

    2016-06-16 08:44:16原创499
    遍历方案
     从二叉树的递归定义可知,一棵非空的二叉树由根结点及左、右子树这三个基本部分组成。因此,在任一给定结点上,可以按某种次序执行三个操作:
     1).访问结点本身(N)
     2).遍历该结点的左子树(L)
     3).遍历该结点的右子树(R)

    有次序:
     NLR、LNR、LRN

    遍历的命名

     根据访问结点操作发生位置命名:
    NLR:前序遍历(PreorderTraversal亦称(先序遍历)) ——访问结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之前。
    LNR:中序遍历(InorderTraversal) ——访问结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之中(间)。
    LRN:后序遍历(PostorderTraversal) ——访问结点的操作发生在遍历其左右子树之后。

    注:由于被访问的结点必是某子树的根,所以N(Node)、L(Left subtlee)和R(Right subtree)又可解释为根、根的左子树和根的右子树。NLR、LNR和LRN分别又称为先根遍历、中根遍历和后根遍历。

    遍历算法

    1).先序遍历的递归算法定义:
    若二叉树非空,则依次执行如下操作:
    a.访问根结点
    b.遍历左子树
    c.遍历右子树

    2).中序遍历的递归算法定义:
    若二叉树非空,则依次执行如下操作:
    a.遍历左子树
    b.访问根结点
    c.遍历右子树

    3).后序遍历得递归算法定义:
    若二叉树非空,则依次执行如下操作:
    a.遍历左子树
    b.遍历右子树
    c.访问根结点

    一、二叉树的递归遍历:

    复制代码 代码如下:


    # -*- coding: utf - 8 - *-

    class TreeNode(object):

    def __init__(self, left=0, right=0, data=0):
    self.left = left
    self.right = right
    self.data = data


    class BTree(object):

    def __init__(self, root=0):
    self.root = root

    def is_empty(self):
    if self.root is 0:
    return True
    else:
    return False

    def preorder(self, treenode):
    '前序(pre-order,NLR)遍历'
    if treenode is 0:
    return
    print treenode.data
    self.preorder(treenode.left)
    self.preorder(treenode.right)

    def inorder(self, treenode):
    '中序(in-order,LNR'
    if treenode is 0:
    return
    self.inorder(treenode.left)
    print treenode.data
    self.inorder(treenode.right)

    def postorder(self, treenode):
    '后序(post-order,LRN)遍历'
    if treenode is 0:
    return
    self.postorder(treenode.left)
    self.postorder(treenode.right)
    print treenode.data


    node1 = TreeNode(data=1)
    node2 = TreeNode(node1, 0, 2)
    node3 = TreeNode(data=3)
    node4 = TreeNode(data=4)
    node5 = TreeNode(node3, node4, 5)
    node6 = TreeNode(node2, node5, 6)
    node7 = TreeNode(node6, 0, 7)
    node8 = TreeNode(data=8)
    root = TreeNode(node7, node8, 'root')

    bt = BTree(root)

    print u'''

    #生成的二叉树

    # ------------------------
    # root
    # 7 8
    # 6
    # 2 5
    # 1 3 4
    #
    # -------------------------

    '''
    print '前序(pre-order,NLR)遍历 :\n'
    bt.preorder(bt.root)

    print '中序(in-order,LNR) 遍历 :\n'
    bt.inorder(bt.root)

    print '后序(post-order,LRN)遍历 :\n'
    bt.postorder(bt.root)


    二、.二叉树的非递归遍历

    下面就用非递归的方式实现一遍。主要用到了 stack 和 queue维护一些数据节点:

    复制代码 代码如下:


    # -*- coding: utf - 8 - *-


    class TreeNode(object):

    def __init__(self, left=0, right=0, data=0):
    self.left = left
    self.right = right
    self.data = data


    class BTree(object):

    def __init__(self, root=0):
    self.root = root

    def is_empty(self):
    if self.root is 0:
    return True
    else:
    return False

    def preorder(self, treenode):
    '前序(pre-order,NLR)遍历'
    stack = []
    while treenode or stack:
    if treenode is not 0:
    print treenode.data
    stack.append(treenode)
    treenode = treenode.left
    else:
    treenode = stack.pop()
    treenode = treenode.right

    def inorder(self, treenode):
    '中序(in-order,LNR) 遍历'
    stack = []
    while treenode or stack:
    if treenode:
    stack.append(treenode)
    treenode = treenode.left
    else:
    treenode = stack.pop()
    print treenode.data
    treenode = treenode.right

    # def postorder(self, treenode):
    # stack = []
    # pre = 0
    # while treenode or stack:
    # if treenode:
    # stack.append(treenode)
    # treenode = treenode.left
    # elif stack[-1].right != pre:
    # treenode = stack[-1].right
    # pre = 0
    # else:
    # pre = stack.pop()
    # print pre.data

    def postorder(self, treenode):
    '后序(post-order,LRN)遍历'
    stack = []
    queue = []
    queue.append(treenode)
    while queue:
    treenode = queue.pop()
    if treenode.left:
    queue.append(treenode.left)
    if treenode.right:
    queue.append(treenode.right)
    stack.append(treenode)
    while stack:
    print stack.pop().data

    def levelorder(self, treenode):
    from collections import deque
    if not treenode:
    return
    q = deque([treenode])
    while q:
    treenode = q.popleft()
    print treenode.data
    if treenode.left:
    q.append(treenode.left)
    if treenode.right:
    q.append(treenode.right)


    node1 = TreeNode(data=1)
    node2 = TreeNode(node1, 0, 2)
    node3 = TreeNode(data=3)
    node4 = TreeNode(data=4)
    node5 = TreeNode(node3, node4, 5)
    node6 = TreeNode(node2, node5, 6)
    node7 = TreeNode(node6, 0, 7)
    node8 = TreeNode(data=8)
    root = TreeNode(node7, node8, 'root')


    bt = BTree(root)

    print u'''

    #生成的二叉树

    # ------------------------
    # root
    # 7 8
    # 6
    # 2 5
    # 1 3 4
    #
    # -------------------------

    '''
    print '前序(pre-order,NLR)遍历 :\n'
    bt.preorder(bt.root)

    print '中序(in-order,LNR) 遍历 :\n'
    bt.inorder(bt.root)

    print '后序(post-order,LRN)遍历 :\n'
    bt.postorder(bt.root)

    print '层序(level-order,LRN)遍历 :\n'
    bt.levelorder(bt.root)
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