실제 PHP 디자인 패턴에 대한 자세한 설명

class Database {
  private static ?\PDO $instance = null;

  private function __construct() {}

  public static function getInstance(): \PDO {
    if (self::$instance === null) {
      self::$instance = new \PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=my_db', 'user', 'password');
    }

    return self::$instance;
  }
}

// 使用 Singleton
$db1 = Database::getInstance();
$db2 = Database::getInstance();

// 两个变量指向同一个 PDO 对象
var_dump($db1 === $db2); // true

interface Shape {
  public function draw(): void;
}

class Circle implements Shape {
  public function draw(): void {
    echo 'Drawing a circle.' . PHP_EOL;
  }
}

class Square implements Shape {
  public function draw(): void {
    echo 'Drawing a square.' . PHP_EOL;
  }
}

class ShapeFactory {
  public static function createShape(string $type): Shape {
    switch ($type) {
      case 'circle':
        return new Circle();
      case 'square':
        return new Square();
      default:
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid shape type.');
    }
  }
}

// 使用工厂方法
$circle = ShapeFactory::createShape('circle');
$square = ShapeFactory::createShape('square');

$circle->draw(); // Drawing a circle.
$square->draw(); // Drawing a square.